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1.
Optimality conditions are derived for a nonliear program in which a support function appears in the objective as well as in each constraint function. Wolfe and Mond-Weir type duals to this program are presented and various dualityresults are established under suitable convexity and generalized convexity assumptions. Special cases that often occur in the literature are those in which a support function is the square root of a positive semidefinite quadratic form or anLp norm. It is pointed out that these special cases can easily be generated from our results.  相似文献   
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A rapid and simple sample preparation method for plutonium determination in environmental samples by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) and alpha-spectrometry is described. The developed procedure involves a selective CaF2 co-precipitation for preconcentration followed by extraction chromatographic separation. The proposed method effectively eliminates the possible interferences in mass spectrometric analysis and also removes interfering radionuclides that may disturb alpha-spectrometric measurement. For 239Pu, 240Pu and 241Pu limits of detection of 9.0 fg·g−1 (0.021 mBq), 1.7 fg·g−1 (0.014 mBq) and 3.1 fg·g−1 (11.9 mBq) were achieved by ICP-SFMS, respectively, and 0.02 mBq by alpha-spectrometry. Results of certified reference materials agreed well with the recommended values.  相似文献   
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Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) were applied to the simultaneous separation of cyanobacterial toxins (anatoxin-a, microcystin-LR, cylindrospermopsin). The analytical performance data of both methods, optimized for the three toxins, were similar with a precision of migration times smaller than 0.8 RSD% and a detection limit in the range of 1-4 microg/mL, using spectrophotometric detection at 230 nm. Both methods were applied to an analysis of cyanotoxins in water bloom samples and crude cyanobacterial extracts. The results obtained indicate that, for complex matrices, the sequential application of CZE and MEKC is necessary. It is recommended to use both CE techniques for the analysis of the same sample in order to confirm the results by an orthogonal approach.  相似文献   
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Nitrite is diazotised with p-nitroaniline in hydrochloric acid and coupled with 8-quinolinol in alkaline medium to give a purple azo dye (λmax = 550 nm, ? = 3.88 × 104 l mol-1 cm-1). Extraction of the dye into 3-methyl-1-butanol shifts the absorption maximum to 570 nm and improves the apparent molar absorptivity to 5.852 × 104 l mol-1 cm-1. Beer's law is obeyed for 0.01–0.06 ppm nitrite. The Sandell sensitivity is 0.00078 μg cm-2. The method is applicable to polluted waters.  相似文献   
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JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - The lipophilic character of phytol derivatives has been studied using reverse-phase planar chromatographic procedures....  相似文献   
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Grédiac  M.  Blaysat  B.  Sur  F. 《Experimental Mechanics》2019,59(2):219-243
Experimental Mechanics - Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and Localized Spectrum Analysis (LSA) are two techniques available to extract displacement fields from images of deformed surfaces marked...  相似文献   
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We describe and interpret computer simulations of the time evolution of a binary alloy on a cubic lattice, with nearest neighbor interactions favoring like pairs of atoms. Initially the atoms are arranged at random; the time evolution proceeds by random interchanges of nearest neighbor pairs, using probabilities compatible with the equilibrium Gibbs distribution at temperatureT. For temperatures 0.59Tc, 0.81 Tc, and 0.89T c, with density of A atoms equal to that in the B-rich phase at coexistence, the density C1 of clusters ofl A atoms approximately satisfies the following empirical formulas: C1 w(1 –)3 andC 1, (1 –)4Q1w1 (2 l 10). Herew is a parameter and we defineQ l = K e E(K) , where the sum goes over all translationally nonequivalentl-particle clusters andE(K) is the energy of formation of the clusterK. Forl > 10,Q 1 is not known exactly; so we use an extrapolation formulaQ l Aw s –l l exp(–bl ), wherew s is the value ofw at coexistence. The same formula (withw > w s) also fits the observed values of C, (for small values ofl) at densities greater than the coexistence density (forT=0.59Tc): When the supersaturation is small, the simulations show apparently metastable states, a theoretical estimate of whose lifetime is compatible with the observations. For higher supersaturation the system is observed to undergo a slow process of segregation into two coexisting phases (andw therefore changes slowly with time). These results may be interpreted as a more quantitative formulation (and confirmation) of ideas used in standard nucleation theory. No evidence for a spinodal transition is found.Supported by AFOSR Grant No. 73-2430D and by ERDA Contract No. EY-76-C-02-3077*000.  相似文献   
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