Manganese Dioxide Mediated Stereoselective, One-step Synthesis of Novel Steroidal (6R)-Spiro-1’,2’,4’-triazoline-3’-thiones

Oxidative cyclization of 5α-cholestan-6-one thiosemicarbazone (1), its 3β-chloro (2) and 3β-acetoxy (3) analogues with active manganese dioxide at room temperature afforded selectively the corresponding (6R)-spiro-1’,2’,4’-triazoline-3’-thiones 4—6. This synthesis has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, easy handling, easily available reagent and high yields. The products have been characterized by analytical and spectral data.     

Oxidation of Organic Compounds by Sulfonated Porous Carbon and Hydrogen Peroxide

 The oxidation of organic compounds by sulfonated porous carbon and H2O2 was studied at room temperature. Alkyl and aryl sulfides were oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxides or sulfones in excellent yields. Secondary alcohols were also converted to the corresponding esters/lactones and aldehydes to methyl esters in good yields. Moreover, aliphatic tertiary amines and substituted pyridines were oxidized to N-oxides.     

Effect of Cationic Micelles on the Kinetics of Interaction of [Cr（Ⅲ）-Gly-Gly]^2＋ with Ninhydrin

The effect of cationic micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on the interaction of chromium dipeptide complex ([Cr(Ⅲ)-Gly-Gly]2 ) with ninhydrin under varying conditions has been investigated. The rates of the reaction were determined in both water and surfactant micelles in the absence and presence of various organic and inorganic salts at 70 ℃ and pH 5.0. The reaction followed first- and fractional-order kinetics with respect to [Cr(Ⅲ)- Gly-Gly2 ] and [ninhydrin]. Increase in the total concentration of CTAB from 0 to 40×10-3 mol·dm-3 resulted in an increase in the pseudo-first-order rate constant (kψ) by a factor of ca 3. Quantitative kinetic analysis of kψ-[CTAB] data was performed on the basis of the pseudo-phase model of the micelles. As added salts induce structural changes in micellar systems that may modify the substrate-surfactant interactions, the effect of some inorganic (NaBr, NaCl, Na2SO4) and organic (NaBenz, NaSal, NaTos) salts on the rate was also explored. It was found that the tightly bound counterions (derived from organic salts) were the most effective.     

混合胶束中Gemini阳离子表面活性剂14-s-14与常规表面活性剂的协同作用:连接臂及反离子效应(英文)

The mixed micelle formation of binary cationic 14-s-14 gemini with conventional single chain surfactants was studied by conductivity measurements.The critical micelle concentration(cmc) and the degree of counterion binding values(g) of the binary systems were determined.The results were analyzed by applying regular solution theory(RST) to calculate micellar compositions(X),activity coefficients(f1,f2),and the interaction parameters(β).The synergistic interactions of all the investigated cationic gemini+conventional surfactant combinations were found to be dependent upon the length of hydrophobic spacer of the gemini surfactant.The excess Gibbs free energy of mixing was evaluated,and it indicated relatively more stable mixed micelles for the binary combinations.     

Bipolar neutrosophic planar graphs

Fuzzy graph theory is used for solving real-world problems in different fields, including theoretical computer science, engineering, physics, combinatorics and medical sciences. In this paper, we present conepts of bipolar neutrosophic multigraphs, bipolar neutrosophic planar graphs, bipolar neutrosophic dual graphs, and study some of their related properties. We also describe applications of bipolar neutrosophic graphs in road network and electrical connections.     

Single-Valued Neutrosophic Lie Algebras

A single-valued neutrosophic (SVN) set is a powerful general formal framework that generalizes the concept of fuzzy set and intuitionistic fuzzy set. In SVN set, indeterminacy is quantified explicitly, and truth membership, indeterminacy membership, and falsity membership are independent. In this paper, we apply the notion of SVN sets to Lie algebras. We develop the concepts of SVN Lie subalgebras and SVN Lie ideals. We describe some interesting results of SVN Lie ideals.     

A Survey on Single-Valued Neutrosophic $K$-Algebras

In this survey, we first present a brief overview of logical algebras. We then discuss concepts of single-valued neutrosophic $K$-subalgebras, single-valued neutrosophic soft $K$-algebras and single-valued neutrosophic topological $K$-algebras. Moreover, we discuss various fundamental concepts which include interior, closure, $C{_5}$-connectivity, super connectivity, compactness and Hausdorffness of single-valued neutrosophic topological $K$-algebras.     

碳基固体酸催化剂上溶剂上条件下酮和芳香醛交叉羟醛缩合反应

Aromatic aldehydes undergo cross-aldol condensation with ketones in the presence of carbon-based solid acid under solvent-free conditions to afford the corresponding α,β-unsaturated aldol products in excellent yields. The catalyst is reusable several times without any decrease in the yield of the reactions.     

A benchmark study on uncertainty of ALICE ASH 1.0, TALYS 1.0 and MCNPX 2.6 codes to estimate production yield of accelerator-based radioisotopes

Radioisotopes find very important applications in various sectors of economic significance and their production is an important activity of many national programmes. Some deterministic codes such as ALICE ASH 1.0 and TALYS 1.0 are extensively used to calculate the yield of a radioisotope via numerical integral over the calculated cross-sections. MCNPX 2.6 stochastic code is more interesting among the other Monte Carlo-based computational codes for accessibility of different intranuclear cascade physical models to calculate the yield using experiment-based cross-sections. A benchmark study has been proposed to determine the codes’ uncertainty in such calculations. ¹⁰⁹Cd, ⁸⁶Y and ⁸⁵Sr production yields by proton irradiation of silver, rubidium chloride and strontium carbonate targets are studied. ¹⁰⁹Cd, ⁸⁶Y and ⁸⁵Sr cross-sections are calculated using ALICE ASH 1.0 and TALYS 1.0 codes. The evaluated yields are compared with the experimental yields. The targets are modelled using MCNPX 2.6 code. The production yields are calculated using the available physical models of the code. The study shows acceptable relative discrepancies between theoretical and experimental results. Minimum relative discrepancy between experimental and theoretical yields is achievable using ISABEL intranuclear model in most of the targets simulated by MCNPX 2.6. The stochastic code utilization can be suggested for calculating ¹⁰⁹Cd, ⁸⁶Y and ⁸⁵Sr production yields. It results in more valid data than TALYS 1.0 and ALICE ASH 1.0 in noticeably less average relative discrepancies.