Magnetic Extraction of Energy from Accretion Disc Around a Rotating Black Hole

An analytical expression for the jet power extracted from the disc (JPEFD) is derived based on an equivalent circuit in black hole magnetosphere with a mapping relation between the radial coordinate of the disc and that of unknown astrophysical load. It turns out that this JPEFD is comparable with two other JPEFDs derived in the Poynting flux and hydrodynamic regimes, respectively. In addition, the relative importance of this JPEFD relative to the Blandford-Znajek power is discussed. It is shown that the BZ power is generally dominated by the JPEFD except in some extreme cases. Furthermore, we show that the JPEFD derived in our model can be well fitted with the jet power of 3C 273.     

An Electromagnetic Model for Jet Power from an Advection Dominated Accretion Flow around a Rotating Black Hole

We discuss jet production from an advection dominated accretion flow (ADAF) around a rotating black hole (BH) in an electromagnetic regime. An analytical expression for the jet power is derived by using an equivalent circuit in the BH magnetosphere. It turns out that a large fraction of jet powers is contributed from the inner region of the ADAF, and the jet power depends sensitively on the degree to which the flow is advection-dominated. In addition, we use our model to fit the strong jet powers of several BL Lac objects, which cannot be explained by virtue of the BZ process.     

Jet Magnetically Accelerated from Advection Dominated Accretion Flow

A jet model for the jet power arising from a steady, optically thin, advection dominated accretion flow （ADAF） around a Kerr black hole （BH） is proposed. We investigate the typical numerical solutions of ADAF, and calculate the jet power from an ADAF using a general relativistic version of electronic circuit theory. It is shown that the jet power concentrates in the inner region of the accretion flow, and the higher the degree to which the flow advection-dominated is, the lower the jet power from the ADAF is.     

Influence of Coloured Correlated Noises on Probability Distribution and Mean of Tumour Cell Number in the Logistic Growth Model

An approximate Fokker-Planck equation for the logistic growth model which is driven by coloured correlated noises is derived by applying the Novikov theorem and the Fox approximation. The steady-state probability distribution （SPD） and the mean of the tumour cell number are analysed. It is found that the SPD is the single extremum configuration when the degree of correlation between the multiplicative and additive noises, λ is in -1 〈λ≤0 and can be the double extrema in 0〈λ〈1. A configuration transition occurs because of the variation of noise parameters. A minimum appears in the curve of the mean of the steady-state tumour cell number, （x）, versus λ The position and the value of the minimum are controlled by the noise-correlated times.     

Energy Extraction from a Black Hole and Its Influence on X-Ray Spectra

The famous jet production mechanism, i.e. the Blandford and Znajek （BZ） process, has realized the idea proposed by Penrose that the rotational en- ergy of a black hole （BH） could be extracted from the ergosphere. In the BZ process, large-scale magnetic fields connecting the BH horizon and the remote as- trophysical load can extract the energy and angular momentum of the rotating BH in the form of electro- magnetic energy. The BZ mechanism was successful in explaining astrophysical jets and was widely used in high energy astrophysics. As a variation of the BZ process, the magnetic connection （MC） between the BH horizon and the accretion disk, namely, the MC process, was later discussed by researchers. Li discovered that the extractable energy of an extreme Kerr BH in the MC process can reach ～0.15Mc2, which is higher than that in the BZ process, where M is the BH mass and c is the light speed. In recent years, some astrophysical phenomena observed in BH systems, such as broad iron emission lines and high frequency quasi-periodic oscillations （QPOs）, re- veal the importance of the MC process. How- ever, we are still interested in how the extracted en- ergy is dissipated in the inner accretion disk and how it affects the accretion flow and the x-ray spectrum remains unclear.     

Relativistic motion on Gaussian quantum steering for two-mode localized Gaussian states

Realistic quantum systems always exhibit gravitational and relativistic features. In this paper, we investigate the properties of Gaussian steering and its asymmetry by the localized two-mode Gaussian quantum states, instead of the traditional single-mode approximation method in the relativistic setting. We find that the one-side Gaussian quantum steering will monotonically decrease with increasing observers of acceleration. Meanwhile, our results also reveal the interesting behavior of the Gaussian steering asymmetry, which increases for a specific range of accelerated parameter and then gradually approaches to a finite value. Such finding is well consistent and explained by the well-known Unruh effect, which could significantly destroy the one-side Gaussian quantum steering. Finally, our results could also be applied to the dynamical studies of Gaussian steering between the Earth and satellites, since the effects of acceleration are equal to the effects of gravity according to the equivalence principle.     

基于紫外荧光技术的柴油机润滑油被燃油稀释的检测研究

针对柴油机润滑油被燃油稀释的状态监测的问题,研究了基于紫外荧光技术的柴油机润滑油被燃油稀释的检测方法,设计搭建了检测实验装置。利用峰值发射波长为365 nm的紫外LED作为发射光源,发射的紫外光通过400 nm低通滤光片过滤后进入石英比色皿中的油样,并激发油样产生荧光,产生的荧光通过400 nm高通滤光片过滤后,利用探测波长范围为400～800 nm的光电传感器采集油样的荧光信号,利用万用表读取油样的荧光强度。设计开发了信号的放大和测量系统。高、低通滤光片的组合使用,减少了紫外光源所发射的紫外光对油样的荧光强度测量的干扰。利用该实验装置,测量了润滑油中柴油含量分别为20.3 Wt.%,10.0 Wt.%,5.0 Wt.%,2.5 Wt.%,1.5 Wt.%和0.7 Wt.%以及不含柴油的空白油样的荧光强度,经拟合得到柴油含量与荧光强度的方程。最后,为了检验该方法测量润滑油中柴油含量的准确性,采用柴油含量为7.5 Wt.%油样进行验证,利用该实验装置,测量了验证油样的荧光强度,代入拟合方程,计算得到油样中的柴油含量,结果表明通过该方法测量的油样中柴油含量与油样的实际柴油含量的相对误差为0.5%,实现了实验室条件下润滑油被燃油稀释的精确测量。     

Cycle of Black Hole Spin due to Disc Accretion Alternating with Magnetic Transfer

The cycle of black hole (BH) spin proposed by Li and Paczynski (henceforth CYCLP) is compared with a more naturad model (henceforth CYC03), in which energy and angular momentum are transferred from a rotating BH to a region of some widths by the closed magnetic field fines. It turns out that the efficiency of converting theaccreted mass into the radiation energy in the CYC03 is less than that estimated in the CYCLP, while the BH mass and entropy in the CYC03 are greater than those in the CYCLP. It is shown that the features of the CYC03 are insensitive to the power-law index indicating the variation of the magnetic field in the disc.     

磁场对黑洞吸积盘的能量提取及其天体物理应用

考虑到螺旋不稳定性的影响, 提出了一种黑洞磁层的新磁场位形(NCMF). 其中涉及到磁场提取能量的三种机制: (1) Blandford-Znajek (BZ)过程; (2)磁耦合(MC)过程; (3) 通过开磁力线联系吸积盘和天体物理负载,并提取吸积盘的旋转能量新机制(文中称为DL过程). 利用两类等效电路导出上述三种提能机制的功率和力矩的表达式. 结果表明,在新磁场位形中提能功率和效率比未考虑螺旋不稳定性的磁场位形有所增大,新磁场位形导出的非常陡的发射率指数可以拟合XMM-Newton天文卫星对邻近的明亮的Seyfert 1星系MCG-6-30-15的观测结果.