锡苯和铅苯二聚反应的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法,研究了锡苯和铅苯的[2+2],[4+2]及[4+4]二聚反应的微观机理和势能剖面,考察了Sn(Pb)原子上的2,4,6-三甲基苯基(Mes)取代基对反应势能剖面的影响.研究结果表明,所有反应均为协同过程,且大多数情况下,2个C—Sn(Pb)键同步形成.[2+2]和[4+2]反应在热力学和动力学上均比相应的[4+4]反应容易进行,而[4+2]反应在动力学上比相应的[2+2]反应有利.Sn(Pb)原子上的Mes取代基在热力学和动力学上均不利于反应的进行.铅苯的动力学稳定性与锡苯相当,但其热力学稳定性高于锡苯.     

A Movable-Cavity Cold Atom Space Clock

We present an experimental scheme of a cold atom space clock with a movable cavity. By using a single microwave cavity, we find that the clock has a significant advantage, i.e. the longitudinal cavity phase shift is eliminated. A theoretical analysis has been carried out in terms of the relation between the atomic transition probability and the velocity of the moving cavity by taking into account the velocity distribution of cold atoms. The requirements for the microwave power and its stability for atomic π/2 excitation at different moving velocities of the cavity lead to the determination of the proper working parameters of the rubidium clock in frequency accuracy 10^-17. Finally, the mechanical stability for the scheme is analysed and the ways of solving the possible mechanical instability of the device are proposed.     

一种市内邮件转运问题的模型与算法

邮件转运是邮政局的一项日常工作．本文提出了一种市内邮件转运问题的数学模型，并构造了这个问题的一种列生成算法．市内邮件转运问题与一般带时间窗口车辆路线问题（VRPTW）的不同之处在于，前者车辆到达客户的时刻即是对该客户开始服务的时刻．     

层障叠伏潜悬变诱思探究释疑团

本期同时刊出魏、陈两位老师及张教授对同一道高中联赛题的研究成果 ,魏、陈一文从殊途不同归开始探究释疑 ,又从订正到反思 ,并且予以推广 .对一线教师这种钻研探究的精神 ,读来可亲可信可敬 .张教授一文指出两道赛题的关联 ,观点更高 ,理论性更强 .但就联赛题的推广 ,两文又殊途同归 ,有兴趣的读者不妨一读     

提高大气吸收光谱测量分辩率的新方法

在仪器函数和吸收线型已知的情况下，提出了一种非线性拟合退卷积法，用于提高气体吸收测量的光谱分辨率。数值模拟和实际应用都表明：该方法用于室内气体吸收光谱的测量，在保持吸收线型不变的情况下，可以显著地提高测量的光谱分辩率，降低测量噪声。将该方法用于怀特池中模拟大气吸收光谱测量，减小了激光线宽对测量结果的影响，获得了比较理相的结果。     

妙用“虚拟法”解题例谈

有些题目，题给信息模糊，条件隐蔽或不足，从表面看无从下手，按常规思维又很难直接求解．面对这样的问题，根据题意转换思维，科学假设，合理虚拟一些条件、状态、情景、过程和模型等，进而使问题便于求解的方法就叫虚拟法．下面就妙用“虚拟法”求解实际物理问题，举例作一浅谈．     

Modulation Frequency Multiplexed Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy System for Simultaneous CO, CO2 Measurements

A modulation frequency multiplexed dual diode-laser system is developed for simultaneous detection of the two most common fire gas products CO and CO2. Simultaneous detection is achieved by modulating each laser at different frequencies, demodulating the signal by a pair of lock-in amplifiers for each gas. Laser beams are combined and detected by one detector after passing through an identical optical path. The experimental results show little performance degradation associated with modulation frequency multiplexing, and no cross-talk between the two multiplexed detection channels is measured.     

AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY ON CELL REFORMATION OF CHIROCEPHALUS YOLK GRANULES CULTURED IN VITRO

The reformation of nuclei and cells on the basis of yolk granules in vitro has been examined under electron microscope by using the mature ooeytes of the middle female intersex of Chirocephalus nankinensis. And it has been shown that the forms of reformed nuclear and cellular structures vary, which may be related to the developmental stages of the middle female intersex, types of reforming process, culturing times as well as internal and external conditions of yolk granules. We have also studied the structural changes of yolk granules and some transition forms during the reformation of nuclei and cells. The results are fairly in agreement with those of our previous reports, i. e. the time-lapse microcinematographic and phase contrast studies on the cell reformation of yollk granules in vitro and the electron microscopic investigations on the cell reformation of yolk granules of mature oocytes in situ.