喷雾干燥-高温固相法制备纳米LiFePO4与LiFePO4/C材料及性能研究

采用喷雾干燥-高温固相法制备纳米LiFePO₄与LiFePO₄/C正极材料，用X-射线衍射，扫描电镜等对合成材料进行了表征，并对以LiFePO₄为正极的电池进行了电化学性能测试。结果表明:材料合成最佳煅烧温度为600 ℃;合成过程中由于碳对LiFePO₄晶型的生长有一定的抑制作用，相对于纯LiFePO₄材料，LiFePO₄/C材料粒径更小;并且，在此最佳合成温度下合成的LiF     

电热消解–光能电子滴定法测定土壤中有机质

建立电热消解–光能电子滴定法测定土壤中有机质的检测方法。称取0.050 0～0.500 0 g土壤样品,置于定制的消解管中,加入10.00 mL 0.4 mol/L重铬酸钾的硫酸溶液,用电热消解仪在180 ℃下消解6 min,消解液冷却后,以邻菲啰啉为指示剂,使用光能电子滴定器,以0.1 mol/L硫酸亚铁标准溶液滴定剩余重铬酸钾,根据消耗的硫酸亚铁标准溶液量计算土壤中有机质的含量。耕层土壤样品5次测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.70%～1.24%;6种土壤标准样品测定值均在标准值不确定度范围内,相对误差为0.40%～2.15%。该方法测定结果与NY/T 1121.6—2006 《土壤检测 第6部分：土壤有机质的测定》方法的测定结果呈极显著相关。     

碳化物衍生碳与石墨的摩擦磨损性能比较

通过高温氯化处理工艺在SiC表面制备碳化物衍生碳涂层(CDC),考察并比较了SiC、石墨和CDC在空气中的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:在本文试验条件下,CDC的摩擦磨损性能优于石墨,CDC的摩擦系数低于0.15;CDC在载荷5 N下的磨损率在10-15 m3/N量级,当载荷等于或低于30 N时磨损率在10-14 m3/N量级,远低于相同条件下石墨的磨损率,即使在40 N或 50 N下其磨损率仅与20 N下SiC和石墨的磨损率相当.CDC的纳米结构及涂层与基体界面组成和性能的变化是影响其摩擦磨损性能的主要因素.     

Quantum algorithm for neighborhood preserving embedding

Neighborhood preserving embedding (NPE) is an important linear dimensionality reduction technique that aims at preserving the local manifold structure. NPE contains three steps, i.e., finding the nearest neighbors of each data point, constructing the weight matrix, and obtaining the transformation matrix. Liang et al. proposed a variational quantum algorithm (VQA) for NPE [Phys. Rev. A 101 032323 (2020)]. The algorithm consists of three quantum sub-algorithms, corresponding to the three steps of NPE, and was expected to have an exponential speedup on the dimensionality n. However, the algorithm has two disadvantages: (i) It is not known how to efficiently obtain the input of the third sub-algorithm from the output of the second one. (ii) Its complexity cannot be rigorously analyzed because the third sub-algorithm in it is a VQA. In this paper, we propose a complete quantum algorithm for NPE, in which we redesign the three sub-algorithms and give a rigorous complexity analysis. It is shown that our algorithm can achieve a polynomial speedup on the number of data points m and an exponential speedup on the dimensionality n under certain conditions over the classical NPE algorithm, and achieve a significant speedup compared to Liang et al.'s algorithm even without considering the complexity of the VQA.     

红外偏振成像对伪装目标的探测识别研究

针对目前普通光电成像系统对伪装目标的探测和识别概率较低的状况,提出伪装目标的探测识别新技术研究。介绍了红外偏振成像系统的原理、组成和特点,研制的中波/长波红外偏振成像装置,其波段范围为3 m ~5 m和8 m~12 m,线偏振度95%,消光比大于100∶1,给出了试验分析数据和偏振融合效果图。研究表明,采用红外偏振成像技术可以有效地实现对地面伪装目标的探测和识别。研究结果还可以扩展到对人工假目标、空中隐身目标等的探测和识别。     

Phase shift effects of radio-frequency bias on ion energy distribution in continuous wave and pulse modulated inductively coupled plasmas

A retarding field energy analyzer(RFEA) is used to measure the time-averaged ion energy distributions(IEDs) on the substrate in both continuous wave(CW) and synchronous pulse modulated radio-frequency(RF) inductively coupled Ar plasmas(ICPs).The effects of the phase shift θ between the RF bias voltage and the RF source on the IED is investigated under various discharge conditions.It is found that as θ increases from 0 to π,the IED moves towards the low-energy side,and its energy width becomes narrower.In order to figure out the physical mechanism,the voltage waveforms on the substrate are also measured.The results show that as θ increases from 0 to π,the amplitude of the voltage waveform decreases and,meanwhile,the average sheath potential decreases as well.Specifically,the potential drop in the sheath on the substrate exhibits a maximum value at the same phase(i.e.,θ = 0) and a minimum value at the opposite phase(i.e.,θ = π).Therefore,when ions traverse across the sheath region above the substrate,they obtain less energies at lower sheath potential drop,leading to lower ion energy.Besides,as θ increases from π to 2π,the IEDs and their energy widths change reversely.     

大型砂尘风洞中砂尘浓度测量与控制方法的研究

砂尘浓度指标严重影响砂尘风洞试验效果;在大型砂尘风洞中准确的测量及有效的控制砂尘浓度是砂尘风洞设备研制中的两个关键问题;针对动态试验工况环境中浓度传感器标定的问题,分析了浓度测量时标定参数与风速和浓度的关系,使用模型树算法建立了三者之间的关系模型,以此模型来预测各种动态情况下的标定参数;针对复杂环境下浓度动态控制问题,采用专家PID算法,提出了多回路控制系统结构和专家规则;工程实践表明该测量和控制方法满足了动态试验环境的需求,取得了良好效果;模型树算法和专家PID系统能有效的解决动态工况下砂尘浓度的测量与控制问题。     

Ag/C包覆对Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2电化学性能的影响

运用共沉淀和元素化学沉积相结合的方法,制备出了具有Ag/C包覆层的层状富锂固溶体材料Li [Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、恒流充放电、循环伏安(CV),电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和X射线能量散射谱(EDS)方法,研究了Ag/C包覆层对Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni03Co013]O2电化学性能的影响.结果表明,Ag/C包覆层的厚度约为25 nm,Ag/C包覆在保持了固溶体材料α-NaFeO2六方层状晶体结构的前提下,显著地改善了Li[Li0.0Mn054Ni0.13Co013]O2的电化学性能.在2.0-4.8 V (vs Li/Li+)的电压范围内,首次放电(0.05C)容量由242.6 mAh·g-1提高到272.4 mAh·g-1,库仑效率由67.6％升高到77.4％;在0.2C倍率下,30次循环后,Ag/C包覆的电极材料容量为222.6 mAh·g-1,比未包覆电极材料的容量高出14.45％;包覆后的电极材料在1C下的容量仍为0.05C下的81.3％.循环伏安及电化学交流阻抗谱研究表明,Ag/C包覆层抑制了材料在充放电过程中氧的损失,有效降低了Li[Li02Mn0.54Ni0.13Co013]O2颗粒的界面膜电阻与电化学反应电阻.     

镧系离子核磁共振探针法在分子构象研究中的应用:三种核苷酸分子在不溶液中的构象分析

本文应用镧系离子作为核磁共振探针的方法, 研究了5'CMP,5-AMP以及5-IMP三种核苷酸在酸性水溶液中的构象分布, 将实验测得的'HNMR谱的镧系诱导假接触位移, 纵向弛豫速率增强以及邻位自旋耦合常数等数据用计算机进行分析处理, 结果表明, 核苷酸分子在水溶液中的构象以一组构象异构体平衡共存, 与晶态相比,分子中绕单键旋转的二面角以及戊糖环的折叠形式均有一定的变化但, 碱基仍以稳定的反式存在。