激光诱导荧光探测水体中溶解有机物浓度

用Nd∶YAG激光器的三倍频355 nm光作为激发光源,根据激光诱导荧光(LIF)方法激发并探测污染水体的荧光光谱.通过对荧光光谱的分析处理研究归一化荧光强度,即450 nm处水中溶解有机物(DOM)峰与405 nm处水的拉曼峰的比值,反演溶解有机物浓度.用商品腐殖酸和去离子水配置成已知浓度的溶液代替标准DOM溶液进行标定,得到回归方程.结果证明,DOM的归一化荧光强度与水体中DOM浓度有较好的线性关系,因此LIF方法是对大面积水域水质进行动态遥测的较理想方法.     

离子交换富集-导数火焰原子吸收法测定自来水中Cu,Fe和Zn

本文研究了用 2 0 1× 7阳离子交换树脂对自来水中的微量元素进行交换富集 ,采用微量脉冲进样 导数火焰原子吸收法测定富集后溶液中的Cu ,Fe和Zn ,该方法灵敏度分别为 0 2 9,0 5 9和 0 0 6 μg·L- 1 ,精密度分别为 4 2 8% ,1 95 %和 2 2 8% ,检测限分别为 1 2 8,5 85和 0 6 8μg·L- 1 ,回收率分别为 91 13% ,10 1 34%和99 84 % ,本方法大大减少了需样量 ,简便快速 ,灵敏度高。     

差分吸收光谱法测量大气痕量气体浓度误差分析及改善方法

差分吸收光谱技术(DOAS)中采用线性最小二乘拟合方法,用痕量气体标准差分吸收截面对测量得到的差分吸收光谱进行拟合,得出大气中痕量气体的浓度.计算结果的准确性不仅取决于光谱的测量精度,而且受标准差分吸收截面以及仪器函数和温度等诸多因素的影响.详细地分析了计算误差的产生原因,提出了用高浓度样品池得到标准吸收截面的方法,针对光谱固有结构,以及温度对标准吸收截面的影响,改进了浓度反演算法.大量的实验表明,综合运用上述方法,即便对低浓度的样气,相对测量误差也能降低到10%以下.     

Pseudo-Spin Model for the Cytoskeletal Microtubule Surface

Due to the inherent symmetry structures and the electric properties in the microtubule (MT), we treat the MT as a one-dimensional ferroelectric system and describe the nonlinear dynamics of dimer electric dipoles in one protofilament of the MT by virtue of the double-well potential. Consequently, the physical problem has been mapped onto the pseudo-spin system, and the mean-field approximation has been taken to obtain some physical results, including the expression for the phase transition temperature Tc and the estimated value of Tc (=312 K).     

Modulation Frequency Multiplexed Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy System for Simultaneous CO, CO2 Measurements

A modulation frequency multiplexed dual diode-laser system is developed for simultaneous detection of the two most common fire gas products CO and CO2. Simultaneous detection is achieved by modulating each laser at different frequencies, demodulating the signal by a pair of lock-in amplifiers for each gas. Laser beams are combined and detected by one detector after passing through an identical optical path. The experimental results show little performance degradation associated with modulation frequency multiplexing, and no cross-talk between the two multiplexed detection channels is measured.     

碲氢化钠还原亚胺的方法

本文报道一种还原亚胺的新方法。取代的芳基和脂肪基亚胺可以在较温和的条件下被碲氢化钠顺利地还原为相应的仲胺。     

Co~(2+)/Ni~(2+)共催化高效氧化生物质愈创木酚制备香兰素

建立了一种碱性条件下过渡金属Co2+和Ni2+共同参与的催化氧化体系,用于高效制备香兰素.该体系能够在0.035 MPa的O2分压下将多种生物质愈创木酚高效快速地转化为香兰素,转化率均约为90%.通过密度泛函理论构筑了反应物的分子模型,并通过对取代基α碳和β碳的电子云密度进行分析,验证了烷基取代基碳的反应能力.同时,考虑到反应过程中存在封闭的CH3OH-O2体系气体环境,进一步对反应条件进行了模拟安全实验,得出该体系90℃发生爆炸的最低氧压力为0.037 MPa,确保了实验的安全进行,也对将来进行工业化生产具有较强的指导意义.     

Developments in laser wakefield accelerators:From single-stage to two-stage

Laser wakefield accelerators(LWFAs)are compact accelerators which can produce femtosecond high-energy electron beams on a much smaller scale than the conventional radiofrequency accelerators.It is attributed to their high acceleration gradient which is about 3 orders of magnitude larger than the traditional ones.The past decade has witnessed the major breakthroughs and progress in developing the laser wakfield accelerators.To achieve the LWFAs suitable for applications,more and more attention has been paid to optimize the LWFAs for high-quality electron beams.A single-staged LWFA does not favor generating controllable electron beams beyond 1 Ge V since electron injection and acceleration are coupled and cannot be independently controlled.Staged LWFAs provide a promising route to overcome this disadvantage by decoupling injection from acceleration and thus the electron-beam quality as well as the stability can be greatly improved.This paper provides an overview of the physical conceptions of the LWFA,as well as the major breakthroughs and progress in developing LWFAs from single-stage to two-stage LWFAs.     

尼龙6纳米纤维膜的制备及其对己烷雌酚的吸附性能研究

采用静电纺丝设备制备尼龙6纳米纤维膜。用静、动态吸附方法,研究了尼龙6纳米纤维膜对己烷雌酚的吸附性能,考察了吸附时间、初始浓度及介质p H值对尼龙6纳米纤维膜吸附己烷雌酚的影响。结果表明,初始浓度为2mg/L时,尼龙6纳米纤维膜吸附己烷雌酚的过程符合准一级动力学模型;当初始浓度在5~20mg/L范围内,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型。尼龙6纳米纤维膜吸附己烷雌酚的过程符合Freundlich等温吸附模型。