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通过具体实例,借助matlab作图,阐述了代入法求条件极值的几何含义和理论依据,指出了这种解法容易遗漏极值点的原因,并根据代入法的使用限制归纳了三种常见的代入形式,为学习者正确使用代入法提供参考. 相似文献
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Two phase transition materials[iPrQ]2MnBr4(1,iPrQ=N-isopropyl-quinuclidinium)and[iPrQ]2MnCl4(2)were synthesized and characterized.Dielectric measurements and differential scanning calorimetry showed that the two compounds underwent reversible phase transitions at ca.–47 and–37℃,respectively.Variable-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction suggested that the two compounds underwent the same phase transitions from space group C2/c to Cc but at different temperature.The variable crystal structures indicated that the structural phase transitions of the compound were ascribed to the torsional movement of quinuclidine ring and the disappearance of the c-slide plane.The second harmonic generation(SHG)response further proved this structural phase transition.Fluorescence tests showed that the two compounds have strong fluorescence.The strong variations in dielectric anomalies make compounds 1 and 2 suitable for promising switchable dielectric materials. 相似文献
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Highly-sensitive NO,NO_2,and NH_3 measurements with an open-multipass cell based on mid-infrared wavelength modulation spectroscopy
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A compact prototype based on mid-infrared wavelength modulation spectroscopy(WMS)is developed for the simul-taneous monitoring of NO,NO_2,and NH_3 in the urban area.Three quantum cascade lasers(QCLs)with central frequencies around 1900.0 cm~(-1),1600.0 cm~(-1),and 1103.4 cm~(-1)are used for NO,NO_2,and NH3detections,respectively,by timedivision multiplex.An open-path multi-pass cell of 60-m optical path length is applied to the instrument for high sensitivity and reducing the response time to less than 1 s.The prototype achieves a sub-ppb detection limit for all the three target gases with an average time of about 100 s.The instrument is installed in the Jiangsu environmental monitoring center to conduct performance tests on ambient air.Continuous 24-hour measurements show good agreement with the results of a reference instrument based on the chemiluminescence technique. 相似文献
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激光星间链路主要用于卫星之间高速数传,是构建天基信息网络的关键技术。目前国外通信、遥感、导航和中继等卫星系统都已计划部署激光通信终端,激光星间链路技术已从在轨演示验证向大规模组网应用阶段发展。简要梳理了国际上现有组网卫星系统的激光星间链路终端技术发展情况,对激光星间链路的技术体制和终端分类进行了总结;侧重分析了我国激光星间链路终端技术发展现状及大规模应用面临的主要问题,针对重难点技术的解决途径进行了思考;对激光星间链路终端未来的发展趋势做了展望,尤其是轻小型化设计与实现、宽带化、一对多光学天线和网络化等技术发展趋势进行了分析。 相似文献
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半导体光催化剂是一种极具前景的绿色催化剂,广泛用于污染物降解、水解制氢和有机合成等领域,有望利用太阳能来解决能源和环境问题,是当前的研究前沿和热点.然而,单组分半导体光催化剂的光生电子和空穴容易复合,导致量子效率差和光催化效率低.近年人们发现,将两种或多种催化材料结合,构建异质结光催化体系可有效促进光生电子-空穴分离.但传统的异质结体系中光生电子的还原性和光生空穴的氧化性通常在电荷转移后变弱,因此,很难同时具备高电荷转移效率和强氧化还原能力.研究发现,构建Z型异质结光催化体系不仅可以减少本体电子-空穴的复合,使其在不同半导体材料上实现空间分离,具有光谱响应宽、电荷分离效率高和稳定性高等优势,而且能保持良好的氧化还原能力.在半导体材料领域,石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)作为一种无金属聚合物半导体,具有良好的热化学稳定性、电学和光学特性,但存在量子效率低和适用范围窄等局限性.而五氧化二钒(V2O5)是一种重要的过渡金属氧化物半导体,由于具有良好的电学和光学性能被广泛用于锂离子电池、气敏传感器和光电器件.V... 相似文献
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利用化学浴沉积法在FTO基底上制备了厚度可调CuS对电极(CE).通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)分光光度计及电化学工作站对CuS对电极的物相结构、微观形貌、光学性质及电化学性能进行了表征.结果表明,在多硫电解液体系中,CuS对电极的电催化活性优于Pt电极;调控沉积周期,可进一步优化CuS对电极表面形貌及电化学性能;CuS对电极最佳沉积周期为6个周期(C),此时电荷转移电阻达到最小值0.67Ω/cm2,与CdSe胶态量子点敏化TiO2光阳极组装的电池,能量转换效率可达2.11;. 相似文献
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Spectroscopy system based on a single quantum cascade laser for simultaneous detection of CO and CO_2
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A quantum cascade laser(QCL) based system for simultaneous detection of CO and CO_2 is developed.The QCL can scan over two neighboring CO(2055.40 cm~(-1)) and CO_2(2055.16 cm~(-1)) lines with a single current scan.The wavelength modulation spectroscopy( f = 20 k Hz) is utilized to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio.A white cell with an effective optical path length of 74 m is used.The calibration of the sensor is performed and minimum detection limits of 1.3 ppb(1 × 10~(-9))for CO and 0.44 ppm(1 × 10~(-6)) for CO_2 are achieved. 相似文献