巫山县望霞乡桐心村危岩体变形破坏机制分析

本文通过详细调查危岩体所处斜坡变形现象发现,斜坡下部有约1m厚煤层被开采,斜坡上有塌陷和岩体开裂两种变形现象,两种变形均在继续发展;且这两者均与煤层开采有较大关联。工程地质类比法认为采煤引起的沉陷-掀斜变形机制对地表变形起主导作用。采用UDEC数值模拟表明,煤层开采后,位移变形由下向上传递。地表沉陷量向临空面增加,水平位移量也向临空面增加。上部坡体变形受垂直裂隙控制,下部坡体变形受水平层面和煤层控制;整体形成沉陷-掀斜。计算变形曲线显示变形有两个阶段,突破式跳跃变形阶段和缓慢变形阶段;如果没有新的开采活动,随着时间的推移山体最终会自行稳定下来。临空面的孤立危岩体在斜坡系统平衡后仍有较大速率,其稳定性较差,建议对其进行清除。     

Field emission of carbon nanotube array with normal-gate cold cathode

A hexagon pitch carbon nanotube (CNT) array vertical to the normal gate of cold cathode field emission displayer (FED) is simulated by solving the Laplace equation. The calculated results show that the normal gate causes the electric field around the CNT tops to be concentrated and emission electron beam become a column. The field enhancement factor and the emission current intensity step up greatly compared with those of diode structure. Emission current density increases rapidly with the decrease of normal-gate aperture. The gate voltage exerts a critical influence on the emission current.