超小碳纳米管的高效率光致可见发光

镶嵌在分子筛骨架中的4A直径的单壁碳纳米管可发出高效的、位于可见光区的光致发光．发光谱呈较宽的线形，其效率约为1％—5％．无论是对激发光的响应，还是发光强度都有很强的偏振依赖特性．结合其吸收光谱、拉曼光谱以及电子能带结构的理论计算，作者讨论了4A碳纳米管的发光机制，并给出了合理的解释．     

隐身材料

由于超构材料(metamaterials)的发现,隐身(cloaking)科学近年来取得了长足的发展.与军事上的隐形(stealth)所不同的是,隐身指的是将电磁波的散射在各个方向上都完全消除,从而实现神话故事或科幻小说中那种真正的全方位、全角度的"消失".隐身也因其重要的科学价值以及将对人类生活产生跨越式的改变而成为国际上的科研热点.除了隐身之外,科学家还证明了可以将物体变成任意的幻像,从而在光学上实现了孙悟空的"七十二变",这被称为幻像光学(illusion optics).未来,隐身和幻像光学的发展有望将人类的极限想象变为现实.文章介绍了作者在隐身和幻像领域里的一些工作.     

k=0处的类狄拉克锥

狄拉克锥在电子和经典波体系中分别被发现, 由于其线性能带关系, 伴随着很多独特的现象. 除了一般存在于布里渊区边界处的狄拉克锥, k=0处也存在包含线性能带关系的类狄拉克锥. 这个类狄拉克锥可以由单极子和偶极子的偶然简并而形成. k=0处的类狄拉克锥可以通过两维电介质光子晶体来实现, 利用等效媒质理论, 此时的光子晶体在类狄拉克点频率可以等效为介电常数和磁导率都为零的材料. 电介质双零折射率材料既可以避免阻抗的不匹配, 也可以避免体系推广到高频所引起的强烈损耗. 此外, k=0处的类狄拉克锥与双零折射率的概念可以从两维体系拓展到三维体系, 而且还可以从电磁波体系推广到声波和弹性波体系. 利用具有类狄拉克点的两维光子晶体, 在材料参数都偏离类狄拉克点条件的两个半无限大光子晶体所构成的界面中, 一定存在界面态. 这些界面态的存在可以通过层状多重散射理论得到的表面阻抗以及体能带的几何相位来彻底解释.     

PT Symmetry Induced Rings of Lasing Threshold Modes Embedded with Discrete Bound States in the Continuum

It is well known that spatial symmetry in a photonic crystal(PhC) slab is capable of creating bound states in the continuum(BICs),which can be characterized by topological charges of polarization vortices.Here,we show that when a PT-symmetric perturbation is introduced into the PhC slab,a new type of BICs(pt-BICs) will arise from each ordinary BIC together with the creation of rings of lasing threshold modes with pt-BICs embedded in these rings.Different from ordinary BICs,the Q-factor divergenc...     

Momentum-space polarization fields in two-dimensional photonic-crystal slabs: Physics and applications

In addition to non-radiative guided modes, two-dimensional photonic-crystal slabs support guided resonant ones which can radiate into free space. From the polarization states of these guided resonances, a polarization field on a photonic band can be constructed in momentum space. Momentum-space polarization fields display complicated configurations and patterns with different types of polarization singularities inside, shedding new light on the manipulations of light flows. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress on momentum-space polarization fields and singularities in two-dimensional photonic-crystal slabs, focusing on their unique optical properties and potential applications as well.     

Illusion optics

The technique of “transformation optics” establishes a correspondence between coordinate transformation and material constitutive parameters. Most of the transformation optics mappings give metamaterials that have graded positive refractive indices that can steer light in curves defined by the coordinate transformation. We will focus on those “folded-geometry mappings” that give negative refractive index materials that have special wave scattering properties. One interesting example is a kind of remote illusion device that can transform the stereoscopic image of an object into the illusion of some other object of our choice. The conceptual device can create the illusion without touching or encircling the object. For any incident wave, the device transforms the scattered waves of the original object into that of the object chosen for illusion outside a virtual boundary. We will illustrate some possible applications of this type of metamaterial remote device, including “cloaking at a distance,” partial cloaking, cloaking from an embedded device, revealing a hidden object inside a container, turning the image of one object into that of another object, and seeing through a wall. The feasibility of building this remote illusion device by metamaterials will also be discussed.     

周期与非周期传输线网络的物理与拓扑性质

传输线电缆是一种生活中很常见的一维波导,除了在工程上有广泛应用外,也可以被应用于基础研究领域的一些理论验证性实验中.例如,因为传输线和量子电路具有相同的波动方程形式,传输线被广泛应用于量子图的研究中.另一方面,传输线网络方程还和零能紧束缚模型的方程形式相似,所以可以用传输线网络来验证基于紧束缚模型理论所预言的物理性质,例如安德森局域化、能带结构、拓扑性质等.本文从传输线网络方程出发,回顾传输线在上面提到的几个研究方向中的具体应用.这些研究方向分别为:一维、二维、三维网络中的安德森局域化研究;周期性以及准周期性网络中的能带结构;传输线网络中角动量依赖的拓扑传输的验证.本文详细阐述了这些工作的研究思路以及结果,展现了传输线在基础研究领域的广泛应用潜力.