Pd/Ni异结构纳米催化剂的制备及其对甲酸氧化的电催化

通过两步还原法制备了Pd/Ni双金属催化剂.由于金属Pd原子在先行还原的Ni纳米粒子表面的外延生长以及其在Ni表面及Pd表面生长表现出的吉布斯自由能差异,最终导致了异结构Pd/Ni纳米粒子的形成.高分辨电子透射显微镜结果证实了异结构的存在,然而X射线衍射测量表明Pd/Ni纳米粒子具有类似于Pd的面心立方结构.制备的Pd/Ni纳米粒子与同等条件下合成的Pd纳米粒子相比对甲酸氧化呈现了更高的电催化活性,而且电催化稳定性也要明显优于纯Pd纳米粒子,证明Pd/Ni双金属催化剂是可选的直接甲酸燃料电池阳极催化剂.双金属催化剂对甲酸氧化电催化活性和稳定性增强可能是Ni原子的修饰改变了Pd粒子表面配位不饱和原子的电子结构所致.     

双光栅衍射消色散成像实验图像的处理

针对双光栅衍射消色散成像实验现有图像处理程序要求图像对称造成的实验操作难、测量误差大的问题,通过分析图像数据在计算机中的存储情况,提出了改进算法,该算法可实现非对称实验图像的处理,降低了实验操作难度,提高了实验测量精度。     

Metal-Element-Incorporation Induced Superconducting Hydrogen Clathrate Structure at High Pressure

The recent observation of high critical temperature T_c in lanthanum and Yttrium hydrides confirms the key role of hydrogen cage(H-cage)in determining high superconductivity.Here,we present a new class of metastable H₁₂ clathrate structures based on the icosahedral cI 24-Na that can be stabilized by incorporation of metal elements.Analysis shows that the charge transfer from metal atoms to H atoms contributes to forming the H₁₂ clathrate.Nine dynamically stable structures are identified to exhibit superconductivity,and a maximum T_c of 28K is found in voids-doped Mo₆H₂₄.Calculations reveal that the low T_c is attributed to the weak interaction between H atoms in each cage due to the long H–H distance.The current results provide a possible route to design H-cage containing superconductors.