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Non-Gravitational Effects with Density-Matching in Evaluating the Influence of Sedimentation on Colloidal Coagulation
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The method of density matching between the solid and liquid phases is often adopted to effectively eliminate the effect of sedimentation of suspensions in studies on dynamic behaviour of a colloidal system. However, the associated changes in the solvent composition may bring side effects to the properties investigated and therefore might lead to a faulty conclusion if the relevant correction is not made. To illustrate the importance of this side effect, we present an example of the sedimentation influence on the coagulation rate of suspensions of 2μm (diameter) polystyrene. The liquid mixtures, in the proper proportions of water (H2O), deuterium oxide (D2O) and methanol (MeOH) as the liquid phase, density-matched and unmatched experiments are performed. Besides the influence of viscosity, the presence of methanol in solvent media, used to enhance the sedimentation effect, causes significant changes (reduction) in rapid coagulation rates compared to that in pure water. Without the relevant corrections for those non-gravitational factors it seems that gravitational sedimentation would retard the coagulation. The magnitude of the contribution from the non-gravitational factor is quantitatively determined, making the relevant correction possible. After necessary the influence of the sedimentation on coagulation rates at corrections for all factors, our experiments show that the initial stage of the coagulation is not observable. 相似文献
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介绍了软件开发方法中的一种形式化分析方法:Vienna Development Method(VDM)。阐述了形式化分析方法的特点,具体说明了维也纳分析方法规格说明的两种规范:模块化说明与非模块化说明,及程序证明性依据:基于函数与操作的形式化规格说明。然后通过一个应用实例来说明如何利用VDM技术进行软件开发,及利用函数与操作的形式化规格说明来证明程序是正确的。 相似文献
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胶体粒子聚集速率常数实验值远低于理论值一直是被普遍关注的问题.聚集速率常数的理论推导是基于粒子的几何半径来考虑的,但决定粒子扩散速率及聚集速率的应该是粒子的流体力学半径(大于几何半径),因而它是使聚集速率常数实验值低于理论值的因素之一.影响流体力学半径的因素很多,其中,带电粒子在溶液中因表面存在双电层,会明显增大流体力学半径,造成聚集速率减慢.而双电层的厚度又随溶液中离子强度的不同而改变.本工作在聚集速率的公式中引入了修正因子,即几何半径与其流体力学半径之比,以修正由于用几何半径代替流体力学半径带来的误差.其中几何半径和流体力学半径可以分别用扫描电镜(SEM)和动态光散射(DLS)来测定.以两种粒径的聚苯乙烯带电微球为例,考察了在不同离子强度下,该误差的大小.结果发现,对于半径为30 nm的微球,用流体力学半径计算的慢聚集速率常数比理论值偏低约8%.该误差随离子强度增加而减少.对于快聚集情况,流体力学半径对聚集速率基本没有影响. 相似文献
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提出了基于2D图像模糊识别的3D模型检索的方法。该方法根据人识别习惯模式,从6个方向采集3D模型的2D图像。考虑到人眼对色差的敏感的特点,采用适当的均匀色空间,建立各2D图像的纹理特征。然后对这些纹理特征采用模糊C-均值算法建立模糊集,这些模糊集用于模拟人对图像模糊认识,模糊集对图像变形具有鲁棒性,故提高了提取特征的稳定性和灵活性,同时改善了检索效果与人识别效果的一致性。 相似文献
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The transition process from steady convection to chaos is experimentally studied in thermocapillary convections of floating half zone. The onset of temperature oscillations in the liquid bridge of floating half zone and further transitions of the temporal convective behaviour are detected by measuring the temperature in the liquid bridge. The fast Fourier transform reveals the frequency and amplitude characteristics of the flow transition. The experimental results indicate the existence of a sequence of period-doubling bifurcations that culminate in chaos. The measured Feigenbaum numbers are δ2 =4.69 and δ4 = 4.6, which are comparable with the theoretical asymptotic value δ=4.669. 相似文献
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为了提高分布式实时数据库系统事务处理的成功率和可靠性,将分布式实时事务进一步细化,对传统的事务接纳控制协议进一步改进,从而提出了一种含有真实时和非实时两部分的分布式混合实时事务接纳控制机制。定义了分布式混合实时事务模型及系统设计方案。分布式混合实时事务的接纳控制综合考虑分布混合事务的执行需求和价值,有效控制负载,减少被系统接纳执行后而又不能满足截止期的事务,提高分布式实时数据库系统事务处理的成功率和可靠性。通过重点分析混合实时事务的接纳控制模型,对混合实时事务的接纳控制与传统的接纳控制作了分析比较,说明了比传统的接纳控制协议更优。 相似文献
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