簇形和花形CdS纳米结构的自组装及光催化性能

通过可控溶剂热法, 利用乙二胺作为模板制备出簇形和花形硫化镉(CdS)纳米结构. 通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)观测其形貌和结构特征. XRD谱线显示, 簇形CdS为六方晶体结构, 而花形CdS纳米结构则为立方晶体. 实验结果表明, 整个自组装过程是由成核以及成核竞争引起的不同生长过程所组成的, 并且乙二胺的模板功能起了重要的作用. 通过不同时间和温度的实验, 深入探讨了簇形和花形CdS纳米结构的自组装机理. 室温光致发光谱(PL)显示这两种纳米结构在433 nm和565 nm附近有较强的发射峰, 分别对应激子发射和表面缺陷发光. 通过Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)方法测试其比表面积. 研究了高压汞灯照射下, 簇形和花形CdS纳米结构在甲基橙(MeO)溶液中的光催化性能. 结果显示, 由于其较大的比表面积, 花形CdS纳米结构的光催化性能要远优于其它CdS材料.     

粗糙表面的弹塑性接触研究

建立了综合载荷作用下粗糙表面弹塑性接触的确定性模型,考虑了微凸峰接触的弹塑性变形阶段,数值求解得到实际接触面积、压力分布和微凸峰塑性形变.分析了实际接触面积与法向载荷的关系,并研究了点接触的椭圆参数对上述关系的影响.建立了结点增长模型,分析了结点增长与滑动摩擦系数的关系以及滑动摩擦系数随椭圆参数的变化.结果表明:随着法向载荷增大,实际接触面积与法向载荷之间的非线性关系愈加显著;椭圆参数越大,实际接触面积越小,选择较小的椭圆参数可降低平均接触压力;结点增长的速率随滑动摩擦系数增大而增大;表面剪切作用力使最大Mises应力值升高,疲劳裂纹的发生源向表面靠近;重载时选择较小的滚动轴承沟曲率半径系数有利于减小摩擦功耗.     

一步水热合成Mn-ZSM-5纳米分子筛及其性能

在强碱性条件下直接引入二价锰源, 一步合成出高纯度的纳米级Mn-ZSM-5分子筛. 通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 ²⁹Si核磁共振波谱(²⁹Si NMR)、 电感耦合等离子光谱(ICP)和氮气吸附-脱附等测试方法对其进行结构表征和性能测试. 结果显示, 锰原子存在于沸石骨架中, 产物为具有MFI结构的纳米级分子筛. 使用苯乙烯氧化反应作为探针反应, 以过氧化氢为氧化剂, 结果显示苯乙烯转化率达到84.98%, 转化数(TON)为208, 环氧苯乙烷选择性为87.62%, 产率为74.46%.     

Investigation on the relationship between overpressure and sub-harmonic response from encapsulated microbubbles

Sub-harmonic component generated from microbubbles is proven to be potentially used in noninvasive blood pressure measurement. Both theoretical and experimental studies are performed in the present work to investigate the dependence of the sub-harmonic generation on the overpressure with different excitation pressure amplitudes and pulse lengths. With4-MHz ultrasound excitation at an applied acoustic pressure amplitude of 0.24 MPa, the measured sub-harmonic amplitude exhibits a decreasing change as overpressure increases; while non-monotonic change is observed for the applied acoustic pressures of 0.36 MPa and 0.48 MPa, and the peak position in the curve of the sub-harmonic response versus the overpressure shifts toward higher overpressure as the excitation pressure amplitude increases. Furthermore, the exciting pulse with long duration could lead to a better sensitivity of the sub-harmonic response to overpressure. The measured results are explained by the numerical simulations based on the Marmottant model. The numerical simulations qualitatively accord with the measured results. This work might provide a preliminary proof for the optimization of the noninvasive blood pressure measurement through using sub-harmonic generation from microbubbles.     

Microstreaming velocity field and shear stress created by an oscillating encapsulated microbubble near a cell membrane

Sonoporation mediated by microbubbles is being extensively studied as a promising technology to facilitate gene/drug delivery to cells. However, the theoretical study regarding the mechanisms involved in sonoporation is still in its infancy. Microstreaming generated by pulsating microbubble near the cell membrane is regarded as one of the most important mechanisms in the sonoporation process. Here, based on an encapsulated microbubble dynamic model with considering nonlinear rheological effects of both shell elasticity and viscosity, the microstreaming velocity field and shear stress generated by an oscillating microbubble near the cell membrane are theoretically simulated. Some factors that might affect the behaviors of microstreaming are thoroughly investigated, including the distance between the bubble center and cell membrane (d), shell elasticity (χ), and shell viscosity (κ). The results show that (i) the presence of cell membrane can result in asymmetric microstreaming velocity field, while the constrained effect of the membrane wall decays with increasing the bubble-cell distance; (ii) the bubble resonance frequency increases with the increase in d and χ, and the decrease in κ, although it is more dominated by the variation of shell elasticity; and (iii) the maximal microstreaming shear stress on the cell membrane increases rapidly with reducing the d, χ, and κ. The results suggest that microbubbles with softer and less viscous shell materials might be preferred to achieve more efficient sonoporation outcomes, and it is better to have bubbles located in the immediate vicinity of the cell membrane.     

层状硅铝酸盐MAS-20的合成与表征

在水热体系下,通过表面活性剂和分子筛导向剂共同反应制备规则的纳米层状分子筛,实验结果表明,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵在水中达到一定浓度后就会自组装成层状胶束,再加入分子筛导向剂在一定条件下即可合成纳米层状分子筛。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和固体核磁(NMR)表征可以证明所得的样品为20nm左右的层状微孔分子筛,样品具有均匀的层状形貌和规则的微孔结构。