基于电商平台的供应链广告决策和分销模式研究

本文建立包含一个制造商和一个电商平台的序贯博弈模型,讨论分销模式对供应链成员广告决策和收益的影响。电商平台中存在两种分销模式:批发模式下制造商将产品卖给平台,平台再进行零售;平台模式下制造商通过平台直接销售产品。另外,制造商和平台都可以选择是否参与广告活动并决定各自的广告投入。研究发现:两种分销模式下供应链成员都应参与广告活动;与批发模式相比,平台模式下制造商广告投入增加而平台广告投入降低。平台佣金率增加一定减小制造商的收益,但只有当制造商的广告效果或平台佣金率较小时,才会增加平台的收益。两种分销模式下供应链的总收益都低于纵向整合供应链的总收益;当平台佣金率适中时,制造商选择平台模式可以实现帕累托改进。     

Study of typical space wave–particle coupling events possibly related with seismic activity

Based on the DEMETER satellite, we found two space wave-particle coupling events during February 2010 that took place in the range of the McIlwain parameter L （1.27-- 1.37）. There are strong spatial and temporal correlation between the particle bursts （PBs） and the electromagnetic disturbances of the coupling events. The two PBs show different energy spectrum characteristics, while the corresponding electromagnetic disturbances concentrated on different frequency ranges. In agreement with the prediction of the theory of wave-particle interaction, we conclude that the two wave-particle inter- actions can be probably explained as follows： one is electron-dominant precipitation with energy of 0.09 MeV,-~0.2 MeV induced by a VLF electromagnetic wave with the frequencies of 14 kHz,-20 kHz, and another is proton-dominant precip- itation with energies of 0.65 MeV--2.85 MeV induced by a VLF electromagnetic wave with the frequency of ≤ 100 Hz. For the first time, these particle bursts＇ origins, from electrons or protons detected by the Instrument for the Detection of Particles （IDP） on board, are inferred by theoretical calculation, although the instrument has no ability to identify the particle species.     

North west cape-induced electron precipitation and theoretical simulation

Enhancement of the electron fluxes in the inner radiation belt,which is induced by the powerful North West Cape(NWC) very-low-frequency(VLF) transmitter,have been observed and analyzed by several research groups.However,all of the previous publications have focused on NWC-induced 100-keV electrons only,based on observations from the Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions(DEMETER) and the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite(GOES) satellites.Here,we present flux enhancements with 30-100-keV electrons related to NWC transmitter for the first time,which were observed by the GOES satellite at night.Similar to the 100-300-keV precipitated-electron behavior,the low energy 30-100-keV electron precipitation is primarily located east of the transmitter.However,the latter does not drift eastward to the same extent as the former,possibly because of the lower electron velocity.The 30-100-keV electrons are distributed in the L = 1.8-2.1 L-shell range,in contrast to the100-300-keV electrons which are at L= 1.67-1.9.This is consistent with the perspective that the energy of the VLF-waveinduced electron flux enhancement decreases with higher L-shell values.We expand upon the rationality of the simultaneous enhancement of the 30-100- and 100-300-keV electron fluxes through comparison with the cyclotron resonance theory for the quasi-linear wave-particle interaction.In addition,we interpret the asymmetry characteristics of NWC electric power distribution in north and south hemisphere by ray tracing model.Finally,we present considerable discussion and show that good agreement exists between the observation of satellites and theory.     

准线性扩散系数与空间高能电子特征物理量的关系研究

研究已经证实,地面电磁波进入电离层与高能粒子发生波粒相互作用,通过改变其投掷角、动量等发生扩散,导致粒子沉降,进而形成粒子暴.近几十年来,从卫星观测到很多电离层中的粒子暴与地震有关系.本文利用波粒回旋共振耦合理论,结合低轨卫星的观测范围,研究场向电磁波的准线性投掷角扩散系数分布与VLF电磁波频率、带宽、电子能量(0.1—50 MeV)、磁壳层(L=1.1—3)等特征物理量的关系,并研究在某个确定的投掷角条件下,电磁波频率与其所引发的电子沉降对应的最小耦合能量的关系.利用这些物理量之间的关系,为卫星观测的高能粒子沉降事例提供理论解释,为从卫星高能粒子探测中提取与地震相关的信息提供理论支持,也为我国计划2016年底将发射的电磁监测试验卫星的数据分析奠定基础.