托卡马克中磁流体不稳定性与高能量离子相互作用

在托卡马克中,磁流体不稳定性与高能量离子相互作用是一个非常重要的问题,它对未来聚变堆稳态长脉冲运行至关重要。HL-2A是我国第一个具有先进偏滤器位形的非圆截面的托卡马克核聚变实验研究装置。撕裂模是托卡马克中的一种基本的电阻磁流体不稳定性,它可以改变磁场的拓扑结构,形成输运短路,甚至会触发大破裂。高能量离子在燃烧等离子体和各种外部辅助加热过程中是不可避免会产生的。目前,撕裂模与高能量离子相互作用依然存在一些关键性问题,例如撕裂模与高能量离子相互作用的共振关系、该物理过程导致高能量离子损失的物理机理等,并且还没有完整的关于撕裂模与高能量离子共振相互作用的数值模拟工作。因此,本综述论文主要从以下三个方面展开:1)回顾撕裂模与高能量离子相互作用的研究历史;2)基于HL-2A实验,从数值模拟的角度讨论撕裂模与高能量离子共振相互作用的物理机理以及其导致高能量离子损失的物理机制;3)展望未来聚变堆中撕裂模与高能量离子相互作用的情况。     

Dust Charging in the Sheath of an Electronegative Plasma

We theoretically investigate the dust charging in the sheath of an electronegative plasma, by using a single dust grain model based on a previous sheath structure [Chin. Phys. Lett 20 (2003) 1537] in which cold positive ions and hot negative ions have been assumed. It is found that dust grains are first charged negatively at the sheath     

Dust Charging in Electronegative SiH4 Plasmas

We theoretically investigate the dust charging in electronegative silane (SiH4) plasmas, taking into account the effects of UV photodetachment. It is found that UV photodetachment could significantly lower the dust negative charge and even makes dust grains be positively charged under some special conditions. In addition, the other parameters, involving the negative ion and dust number densities, electron temperature and dust radius, have great effects upon the dust charging.     

Numerical Simulation of Dust Void Evolution in Complex Plasmas with Ionization Effect

We develop the nonlinear theory of dust voids [Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 （2003） 075001], focusing particularly on effects of the ionization, to investigate numerically the void evolution under cylindrical coordinates [Phys. Plasmas 13 （2006） 064502]. The ion velocity profile is solved by a more accurate ion motion equation with the ion convection and ionization terms. It is shown that the differences between the previous result and the one obtained with ionizations are significant for the distributions of the ion and dust velocities, the dust density, and etc., in the void formation process. Furthermore, the ionization can slow down the void formation process effectively.     

Sheath Structure of an Electronegative Plasma

We investigate the sheath structure of an electronegative plasma at steady state with the assumptions of cold positive ions and hot negative ions. The modified Bohm criterion is obtained with the Sagdeev potential by introducing a modified ion sound velocity. At the same time the electric potential, net space charge and particles densities in the sheath are analysed in several cases of different temperature ratios of electrons to negative ions and different density ratios of negative ions to positive ions.     

EAST等离子体Mo Ⅴ-Mo ⅩⅧ极紫外光谱的识别

磁约束聚变等离子体中高Z杂质的存在给等离子体的约束状态带来不同程度的影响.EAST装置第一壁是钼瓦,不可避免地,等离子体与壁相互作用会使钼进入等离子体成为高Z杂质.本文利用EAST托卡马克装置快速极紫外杂质谱仪系统实现了对5—500?(1?=0.1 nm)波段范围内杂质线光谱进行同时监测.结合EAST等离子体低、中Z杂质的特征谱线对波长进行原位标定,基于NIST数据库和已有实验数据进行对比,并利用归一化谱线强度随时间演化行为,对较低电子温度(T_e0=1.5 keV)等离子体中5—485?波段范围内由瞬态钼杂质溅射产生的钼光谱进行了系统性识别.在15—30?和65—95?波段范围观测到分别由电离态Mo¹⁹⁺-Mo²⁴⁺(MoⅩⅩ-MoⅩⅩⅤ),Mo¹⁶⁺-Mo²⁹⁺(MoⅩⅦ-MoⅩⅩⅩ)组成的未分辨跃迁系.而且在EAST上观测并识别出27—60?和120—485?波段范围内低价钼离子(Mo⁴⁺-Mo¹⁷⁺)的多条谱线(MoⅤ-MoⅩⅧ...     

Role of the zonal flow in multi-scale multi-mode turbulence with small-scale shear flow in tokamak plasmas

The structural characteristics of zonal flows and their roles in the nonlinear interaction of multi-scale multi-mode turbulence are investigated numerically via a self-consistent Landau-fluid model. The multi-mode turbulence here is composed of a shorter wavelength electromagnetic (EM) ion temperature gradient (ITG) mode and a Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability with long wavelengths excited by externally imposed small-scale shear flows. For strong shear flow, a prominent periodic intermittency of fluctuation intensity except for dominant ITG component is revealed in turbulence evolution, which onset time depends on the ion temperature gradient and the shear flow amplitudes corresponding to different KH instabilities. It is identified that the intermittency phenomenon results from the zonal flow dynamics, which is mainly generated by the KH mode and back-reacts on it. It is demonstrated that the odd symmetric components of zonal flow (same symmetry as the external flow) make the radial parity of the KH mode alteration through adjusting the drift velocities at two sides of the resonant surface so that the KH mode becomes bursty first. Afterwards, the ITG intermittency follows due to nonlinear mode coupling. Parametric dependences of the features of the intermittency are elaborated. Finally, associated turbulent heat transport is evaluated.     

Effect of Thermionic Emission on Dust-Acoustic Solitons in a Dust-Electron Plasma

The effects of thermionic emission on dust-acoustic solitons with a very small but finite amplitude in a dustelectron plasma are studied using the reductive perturbation technique. The self-consistent variation of dust charge is taken into account. It is shown that the thermionic emission could significantly increase the dust positive charge. The dependences of the phase velocity, amplitude, and width of such solitons on the dust temperature and the dust work function of dust material are plotted and discussed.     

Application of Galerkin spectral method for tearing mode instability

Magnetic reconnection and tearing mode instability play a critical role in many physical processes. The application of Galerkin spectral method for tearing mode instability in two-dimensional geometry is investigated in this paper. A resistive magnetohydrodynamic code is developed, by the Galerkin spectral method both in the periodic and aperiodic directions. Spectral schemes are provided for global modes and local modes. Mode structures, resistivity scaling, convergence and stability of tearing modes are discussed. The effectiveness of the code is demonstrated, and the computational results are compared with the results using Galerkin spectral method only in the periodic direction. The numerical results show that the code using Galerkin spectral method individually allows larger time step in global and local modes simulations, and has better convergence in global modes simulations.     

Acoustic Rotation Modes in Complex Plasmas

Acoustic rotation modes in complex plasmas are investigated in a cylindrical system with an axial symmetry. The linear mode solution is derived. The mode in an infinite area is reduced to a classical dust acoustic wave in the region away from the centre. When the dusty plasma is confined in a finite region, the breathing and rotating-void behaviour are observed. Vivid structures of different mode number solutions are illustrated.