High-Energy Rectangular Pulse Dissipative Soliton Generation in a Long-Cavity Sigma-Shaped Configuration Mode-Locked Fiber Laser

The high-energy rectangular pulse dissipative soliton （DS） is achieved in a long-cavity sigma-shaped configuration erbium-doped fiber laser. A long fiber is inserted in the linear arm of the sigma-shaped configuration to extend the resonator length twice, which effectively improves the pulse energy. The nonlinear polarization rotation technique is employed to realize the mode-locked state. Stable rectangular pulses with pulse energy of 421.22 nJ are obtained at the pump power of 620mW. To the best of our knowledge, this high pulse energy is a new record of the rectangular pulse mode-locked DS fiber lasers.