Spectral-furcated vector soliton in birefringence-managed fiber lasers

We demonstrate spectral-furcated vector solitons in normal-dispersion fiber lasers comprising a section of polarizationmaintaining fiber. The spectrum of each orthogonal-polarized component is confined by the birefringence-related phasematching principle, and the bicorn spectral structure corresponds to the zero-order sidebands of two vector modes. Due to the Hopf bifurcation effect, the vector soliton evolves into a breathing state at the higher pump level, accompanied by an extra set of sub-si...