Multicaloric and coupled-caloric effects

The multicaloric effect refers to the thermal response of a solid material driven by simultaneous or sequential application of more than one type of external field.For practical applications,the multicaloric effect is a potentially interesting strategy to improve the efficiency of refrigeration devices.Here,the state of the art in multi-field driven multicaloric effect is reviewed.The phenomenology and fundamental thermodynamics of the multicaloric effect are well established.A number of theoretical and experimental research approaches are covered.At present,the theoretical understanding of the multicaloric effect is thorough.However,due to the limitation of the current experimental technology,the experimental approach is still in progress.All these researches indicated that the thermal response and effective reversibility of multiferroic materials can be improved through multicaloric cycles to overcome the inherent limitations of the physical mechanisms behind single-field-induced caloric effects.Finally,the viewpoint of further developments is presented.     

一种新型的多用途发光量子点 — — — I n P

I n P量子点是一种典型的 Ⅲ V族半导体纳米材料, 由于其在禁带宽度、 电子迁移率等方面的独特性 能而受到广泛关注. 研究人员通过控制反应条件、 表面修饰以及进行掺杂等对I n P材料的性能进行调控, 使之更广 泛地应用于通信、 材料、 传感、 能源及照明等领域