低接触电阻率Ni/Ag/Ti/Au反射镜电极的研究

研究了Ag的厚度、退火时间、沉积温度对于Ni/Ag/Ti/Au电极的反射率及与p-GaN欧姆接触性能的影响. 利用分光光度计测量反射率, 采用圆形传输线模型计算比接触电阻率. 结果表明: 随着Ag厚度的增加, Ni/Ag/Ti/Au电极的反射率逐渐增大; 在氧气氛围中, 随着退火时间从1 min增至10 min, 300 ℃退火时, 比接触电阻率持续下降, 而对于400-600 ℃退火, 比接触电阻率先减小后增大; 在300和400 ℃氧气中进行1-10 min 的退火后, Ni/Ag/Ti/Au的反射率变化较小, 退火温度高于400 ℃时, 随着退火时间的增加, 反射率急剧下降; 在400 ℃氧气中3 min退火后, 比接触电阻率可以达到3.6×10^-3 Ω·cm². 此外, 适当提高沉积温度可以增加Ni/Ag/Ti/Au的反射率并降低比接触电阻率, 沉积温度为120 ℃条件下的Ni/Ag/Ti/Au电极在450 nm处反射率达到90.1%, 比接触电阻率为6.4×10^-3 Ω·cm². 综合考虑电学和光学性能, 在沉积温度为120 ℃下蒸镀Ni/Ag/Ti/Au (1/200/100/100 nm)并在400 ℃氧气中进行3 min退火可以得到较优化的电极. 利用此电极制作的垂直结构发光二极管在350 mA电流下的工作电压为2.95 V, 输出光功率为387.1 mW, 电光转换效率达到37.5%.     

Generation of a mid-infrared broadband polarized supercontinuum in As₂Se₃ photonic crystal fibers

A simplified structure of birefringent chalcogenide As 2 Se 3 photonic crystal fiber(PCF) is designed.Properties of birefringence,polarization extinction ratio,chromatic dispersion,nonlinear coefficient,and transmission are studied by using the multipole method,the finite-difference beam propagation method,and the adaptive split-step Fourier method.Considering that the zero dispersion wavelength of our proposed fiber is about 4 μm,we have analysed the mechanism of spectral broadening in PCFs with different pitches in detail,with femtosecond pulses at a wavelength of 4 μm as the pump pulses.Especially,mid-infrared broadband polarized supercontinuums are obtained in a 3-cm PCF with an optimal pitch of 2 μm.Their spectral width at 20 dB reaches up to 12 μm.In the birefringent PCF,we find that the supercontinuum generation changes with the pump alignment angle.Research results show that no coupling between eigenpolarization modes are observed at the maximum average power(i.e.,37 mW),which indicates that the polarization state is well maintained.     

Coupling characteristics of high birefringence dual-core As2S3 rectangular lattice photonic crystal fiber

A type of As₂S₃ chalcogenide glass mid-infrared dual-core photonic crystal fiber has been proposed. The dual-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) consists of two asymmetric cores. The high polarization property and the coupling characteristics have been studied by using the finite element method and mode coupling theory. Numerical results show that the birefringence at wavelength λ = 10 μm is up to 0.01386 and the coupling length can reach wavelength λ = 5 μm, 261 μm and 271.44 μm for x-polarized mode and y-polarized mode, respectively. It demonstrates that a 6.786-mm-long fiber can exhibit an extinction ratio of better than -10 dB and a bandwidth of 180 nm.     

基于合成方法学研究的有机化学实验教学改革与实践——以苯甲酸乙酯制备为例

以苯甲酸乙酯的制备实验为例,将合成方法学研究引入有机化学实验教学。采取抽签方式确定每个学生的实验内容,通过考查加热方式(电热套或微波辐射加热)、溶剂(甲苯或环己烷)以及反应时间对实验结果的影响,使学生了解科学研究的方法,并通过文献查阅及实验结果分析讨论等教学实践环节提高学生的创新思维和科研能力。     

Coupling characteristics of high birefringence dual-core As2S3 rectangular lattice photonic crystal fiber

A type of As2S3 chalcogenide glass mid-infrared dual-core photonic crystal fiber has been proposed.The dualcore photonic crystal fiber(PCF) consists of two asymmetric cores.The high polarization property and the coupling characteristics have been studied by using the finite element method and mode coupling theory.Numerical results show that the birefringence at wavelength λ = 10 μm is up to 0.01386 and the coupling length can reach wavelength λ = 5 μm,261 μm and 271.44 μm for x-polarized mode and y-polarized mode,respectively.It demonstrates that a 6.786-mm-long fiber can exhibit an extinction ratio of better than 10 dB and a bandwidth of 180 nm.     

Goos-Hänchen and Imbert-Fedorov shifts in tilted Weyl semimetals

We establish the beam models of Goos-Hänchen (GH) and Imbert-Fedorov (IF) effects in tilted Weyl semimetals (WSMs), and systematically study the influences of Weyl cone tilting and chemical potential on the GH and IF shifts at a certain photon energy 1.96 eV. It is found that the GH and IF shifts in tilted type-I and type-Ⅱ WSMs are both almost symmetric about the Weyl cone tilting. Meanwhile, the GH and IF shifts in type-I WSMs almost do not change with the tilt degree of Weyl cones, while those in type-Ⅱ WSMs are extremely dependent on tilt degree. These trends are mainly due to the nearly symmetric distribution of WSMs conductivities, where the conductivities keep stable in type-I WSMs and gradually decrease with tilt degree in type-Ⅱ WSMs. By adjusting the chemical potential, the boundary between type-I and type-Ⅱ WSMs widens, and the dependence of the beam shifts on the tilt degree can be manipulated. Furthermore, by extending the relevant discussions to a wider frequency band, the peak fluctuation of GH shifts and the decrease of IF shifts occur gradually as the frequency increases, and the performance of beam shifts at photon energy 1.96 eV is equally suitable for other photon frequencies. The above findings provide a new reference for revisiting the beam shifts in tilted WSMs and determining the types of WSMs.     

“讲一练二考三”理念在有机化学实验教学中的运用——以苯甲酸的制备为例

采用微波辐射及相转移催化剂改进了高锰酸钾氧化制备苯甲酸实验,系统研究了微波功率、反应温度、反应时间、反应物物质的量比、催化剂用量等因素对产率的影响,并同电热套加热方式进行了比较.结果表明,该反应的最佳条件为:微波辐射时间40 min,微波功率80 W,反应温度80℃,相转移催化剂氯化苄基三乙铵用量为甲苯的0.2当量,高锰酸钾与甲苯的物质的量比为4.5:1.与电热套加热方式相比,微波辐射法缩短了反应时间,并显著提高了反应效率.以苯甲酸制备实验为例介绍了“讲一练二考三”教学新理念及其在有机化学实验教学实践中的运用.     

飞秒相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射光谱测温研究进展

当今世界大约90%的能量供应都是由燃烧生成的。在燃烧场中,火焰的温度影响着场中各种组分链式反应的途径和浓度,获取燃烧场温度信息可以为提高燃料燃烧效率,改进燃烧装置的设计提供重要的支撑依据。随着我国在航空、航天和航海这类高端制造业领域的不断发展,各种大型燃气轮机和超声速发动机的研发进入加速期,此类燃烧装置产生的火焰具有高温、高压、湍流超声速和持续时间短等特点。传统的接触式测温法难以对这类湍流燃烧场进行温度测量,近年以激光光谱法为代表的非接触式测温技术逐渐走向成熟,并获得了广泛地应用。与超短脉冲相结合的飞秒相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射光谱测温技术凭借可提供高时间分辨率(每秒可提供上千个测温数据)、高测温精度和高测温灵敏度等优势而被应用到各种高温、湍流等复杂燃烧场景温度诊断中。文章概述了飞秒相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射测温技术的基本原理,综述了该技术在稳态火焰、加热气体、模拟燃气轮机等燃烧环境中测温工作的研究进展,简要介绍了飞秒时间分辨相干反斯托克斯拉曼光谱的研究和应用,着重介绍了可以实现毫秒量级时间分辨率的飞秒啁啾探测脉冲相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射测温技术和混合飞秒/皮秒相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射测温技术的基...     

水基流延成型和热压烧结制备碳化硼陶瓷及性能研究

以工业碳化硼粉末为原料、采用Si3N4磨球磨损法引入Si3N4烧结助剂,采用水基流延成型和热压烧结方法制备了碳化硼陶瓷.研究了氧含量、分散剂、pH值等因素对B4C陶瓷浆料分散性能的影响,采用XRD、SEM等对碳化硼陶瓷的物相、显微结构和第二相分布进行了表征,并测试了样品的维氏硬度、断裂韧性、抗弯强度和弹性模量.结果表明:经醇洗后的碳化硼粉末中氧化硼含量降低,有利于B4C陶瓷浆料的分散稳定.采用球磨磨损引入了Si3N4粉,在B4C基体中通过原位反应形成第二相SiC和BN,SiC和BN第二相颗粒在B4C基体中弥散分布均匀.在2100 ℃热压烧结样品的维氏硬度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性和弹性模量分别达到30.2 GPa、596.5 MPa、3.36 MPa·m1/2和362.3 GPa.     

挤压-堆积复合法制备As2S3红外硫系玻璃光子 晶体光纤及其特性研究

在利用多极法优化设计光子晶体光纤结构的基础上, 充分结合挤压和堆积两种方法的优点, 提出了基于挤压-堆积的新型硫系光子晶体光纤制备技术, 利用As2S3硫系玻璃制备了三层孔环结构光子晶体光纤. 通过理论模拟分析得出了该光纤的色散特性和零色散点, 测试了1550nm近红外光纤激光在该光纤中的传输效果和纤芯光斑能量分布, 利用该光斑测试验证了该光纤在近红外的光能传输局部限制能力和光子晶体的光学初步控制现象.