Reaching a few 10~(-15) long-term stability of integrating sphere cold atom clock

We present the long-term stability of the integrating sphere cold atom clock(ISCAC) and analyze its systematic limitations. The relative frequency instability of 2.6 × 10~(-15) is reached for an averaging time of 2 ×10~5 s. The second-order Zeeman effect and the cavity pulling effect in ISCAC, which would induce the frequency drift from the clock transition, are analyzed. The analytical and experimental results indicate that the cavity pulling effect is the main contribution to the long-term frequency instability of the ISCAC. Further technical improvements to the microwave cavity are also discussed.     

积分球冷原子钟冷原子数稳定的新方法EI北大核心CSCD

提出了一种积分球冷原子钟冷原子数稳定的新方法。该方法通过周期性地监测冷原子的吸收信号,利用反馈控制冷却激光内声光调制器的衍射效率并改变冷却光功率,实现冷原子数的稳定。推导了冷原子数稳定系统的环路方程,分析了稳定环路对冷原子数涨落的抑制作用。稳定后冷原子数的归一化涨落为1±0.001(3h),其功率谱密度在0.001~0.2Hz频率范围内的最大抑制量约为30dB。该涨落被抑制的原因主要是稳定环路除了直接补偿冷却光激光器输出的光功率变化外,还纠正了外界环境引起的冷原子数漂移。冷原子数稳定之后,由冷原子数涨落引起的原子钟频率稳定度可降低至7×10^(-14)τ^(-1/2)(τ为积分时间)。