Uncertainties of clock and shift operators for an electron in one-dimensional nonuniform lattice systems

The clock operator U and shift operator V are higher-dimensional Pauli operators. Just recently, tighter uncertainty relations with respect to U and V were derived, and we apply them to study the electron localization properties in several typical one-dimensional nonuniform lattice systems. We find that uncertainties △ U² are less than, equal to, and greater than uncertainties △ V² for extended, critical, and localized states, respectively. The lower bound LB of the uncertainty relation is relatively large for extended states and small for localized states. Therefore, in combination with traditional quantities, for instance inverse participation ratio, these quantities can be as novel indexes to reflect Anderson localization.     

一种测量散射光偏振度的新方法

利用二氧化硅微粒样品作散射粒子场,寻求测量散射光偏振度的新方法。实验结果表明,用线偏振光分两次测量的偏振叠加法,比传统用自然光入射,偏振片作检偏器测量偏振度的方法更优越,不但节省了测量成本,而且提高了测量的范围。