Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Microwave and Conventional Heated Almond Shells Using Phosphoric Acid Activation

Activated carbon production from almond shells using phosphoric acid activation agent was achieved by applying both conventional heating and microwave heating in succession. The morphology and surface properties of activated carbon were studied using thermogravimetric and differential gravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. A surface area of 1128 m²/g was achieved by optimizing the microwave power (500?W), microwave application time (15?minutes), conventional heating time (45?minutes), conventional heating temperature (500?°C), and the phosphoric acid:sample ratio (0.7:1). An adsorption capacity of methylene blue of 148?mg/g and an iodine value of 791?mg/g was obtained for the prepared activated carbon.     

Binuclear and mononuclear cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of 4,4′-bis(alkylaminoisonitrosoacetyl)diphenyl-methane derivatives

4,4-Bis(chloroacetyl)diphenylmethane has been prepared from ClCH₂COCl and Ph₂CH₂. 4,4-Methylenebis(phenylglyoxylohydroximoyl chloride has also been obtained. Four new substituted 4,4-bis(alkylaminoisonitrosoacetyl)diphenylmethanes (ligands) have been prepared from 4,4-methylenebis(phenylglyoxylohydroximoyl chloride) and the corresponding amines. The Ni^II, Cu^II and Co^II complexes of these ligands were prepared and their structures were identified using AAS, i.r., ¹H-n.m.r. spectral data, elemental analyses and magnetic susceptibility measurements.     

A novel (E,E)-dioxime and its mono-, di- and trinuclear complexes bearing tetradentate octyl sulfanyl phenylamino substituents. Synthesis,characterization and electrochemical properties of its transition metal complexes

A new vic-dioxime, 13,14-bis-(hydroxyimino)-9,12,15,18-diazadithiaoctacosane, has been synthesized from 2-octylsulfanylaminobenzene and (E,E)-dichloroglyoxime. Mononuclear transition metal complexes of Ni^II, Cu^II, Co^II and Fe^II have been prepared and were found to have a metal–ligand ratio of 1:2. The synthesis of di- and trinuclear complexes was achieved with U^IVO₂ and Cu^II depending on the stoichiometry of the reactants. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, ¹H-n.m.r., u.v.–vis, i.r., f.a.b.-m.s. and by cyclic voltammetry.     

Die Sechseck-n-Waben in der Ebene,welche von n Kreisbüscheln erzeugt werden

In this paper, the problem of determining the pencils of circles which form a hexagonal n-web in E₂, is completely solved. It is well-known that n pencils of circles orthogonal to a fixed circle form a hexagonal n-web. Therefore, the main problem is the determination of all circle pencils which form a hexagonal n-web and which do not cut a fixed circle orthogonally. In this connection the following results have been obtained: The number of hexagonal 4-webs is six, whereas the number of hexagonal 5-webs is two.Finally, after having proved that the number of hexagonal 6-webs is one, it is shown that, for n7, there exist no circle pencils forming a hexagonal n-web without being orthogonal to a fixed circle.     

PHA-L lectin and carbohydrate relationship: conjugation with CdSe/CdS nanoparticles, radiolabeling and in vitro affinities on MCF-7 cells

This research aims to investigate the interaction between phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L) and sialic acid, which is abundant on the breast cancer cell (MCF-7) surface and displays monosaccharide characteristics, by experimental and computational methods. Experimentally, CdSe/CdS nanoparticles (QDs) were synthesized; PHA-L was conjugated with QDs and labeled with ¹²⁵I. Radiolabeling yield was found to be 97 ± 1.2 %. Afterwards, in vitro bioaffinities of radiolabeled PHA-L conjugated QDs have been investigated on MCF-7 cells and it has been observed that the cell incorporation increased with time. The results indicated that ¹²⁵I labeled QD-PHA-L conjugates represent significant affinity on MCF-7 cells. In the second step of the study, the crystal structure of carbohydrate interaction surface of PHA-L was extracted from the crystal structure of PHA-L. The interactions between this surface and sialic acid were calculated by computational tools. These calculations revealed specific interactions between PHA-L and sialic acid. Semi-empirical methods, PM3 and AM1, were used in these calculations. Significant outcomes have been obtained from the experimental and computational studies and these results demonstrated that PHA-L may be an effective agent for imagining MCF-7 cells.     

Re-Evaluation of a Fulvene-Based Self-Replicating Diels–Alder Reaction System

We re-evaluate our claim of a high diastereoselectivity in the self-relicating Diels–Alder reaction between maleimide 1 and fulvene 3 . It was shown that the system has a diastereoselectivity of 1.8:1 for NN-4 : NX-4 , which is contrary to the 16:1 ratio claimed by Dieckmann et al. The analysis of ¹H NMR monitoring of the reaction revealed that both replicators show sigmoidal growth which is typical for auto-catalytic systems.     

FTIR spectroscopic and quantum chemical studies on hydantoin

In this study the geometry optimization of monomeric and dimeric forms (D1, D2, and D3) of hydantoin molecule were done using DFT method employing 6?C31++G(d, p) basis set. Harmonic and anharmonic wavenumbers and infrared intensities were computed at the same theory level. Experimental IR spectrum was recorded in the region 400?C4000 cm^?1. It has also been characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectrum. The hydrogen bond (HB) interaction of hydantoin was analyzed via dimers of hydantoin. Detailed vibrational wavenumber shifts and all vibrational mode analyses were reported. Total energy distributions (TED, %) calculations were done to characterize the fundamentals.     

N,S-Substituted Dienes from Mono(arylthio)substituted- and S-, S,S-Substituted Dienes

Mono(thio)substituted dienes 1a-1b gave compounds 3a-c and 5d-g with piperazine and piperidine derivatives in dichloromethane. Compounds 8 , 9 , and 10 were obtained from the reactions of perchlorobutadiene ( 6 ) with 1,4-butanedithiol ( 7 ) in ethanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide. Compounds 12a-b , 13a-b were obtained from the reactions of perchlorobutadiene ( 6 ) with allylmercaptan (CH 2 =CH--CH 2 --SH) and mercaptoethanol (HO--CH 2 --CH 2 --SH).