基于多孔金结构的三相界面酶电极的制备及高效电化学酶传感性能

界面微环境是影响酶催化反应及酶传感性能的关键因素. 本研究基于三维微纳米结构多孔金基底, 通过调控电极表面的亲水和疏水浸润性, 制备了具有固-液-气三相界面微环境的氧化酶电极, 并研究了界面微环境对酶催化反应动力学的影响规律. 基于所制备的三相界面多孔金结构酶电极, 反应物氧气能够从气相直接快速地传输到酶催化反应界面, 极大地提升了界面氧气浓度及其稳定性, 从而大幅度提高了氧化酶活性及酶电极响应的稳定性. 以葡萄糖为模型待测物, 基于该三相界面酶电极的电化学酶生物传感器拥有宽的线性范围、 高的灵敏度、 低的检出限以及良好的稳定性. 这类独特的三相反应界面设计为高效酶生物传感器的建构以及生物分子的精准检测提供了新思路.     

Spine Decompositions and Limit Theorems for a Class of Critical Superprocesses

In this paper we first establish a decomposition theorem for size-biased Poisson random measures. As consequences of this decomposition theorem, we get a spine decomposition theorem and a 2-spine decomposition theorem for some critical superprocesses. Then we use these spine decomposition theorems to give probabilistic proofs of the asymptotic behavior of the survival probability and Yaglom’s exponential limit law for critical superprocesses.

     

Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of 4-chlorophenol on the glassy carbon electrode modified by composite polypyrrole/palladium film

A polypyrrole/palladium composite film was prepared on a glassy carbon electrode by the electrochemical deposition method. The palladium particles were uniformly dispersed on a polypyrrole film that was previously electrodeposited on a glassy carbon electrode. By controlling the polymerization process of pyrrole, a highly porous polypyrrole film was obtained; this kind of structure provided more surface areas for depositing palladium particles. The sizes of Pd particles deposited on the porous polypyrrole film are about 15-30 nm. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed there was strong interaction between polypyrrole film and palladium particles. This modified electrode showed excellent current efficiency (49.5%) for electrochemical hydrogenation of 4-chlorophenol and the phenol was the sole product. The potential effect on the dechlorination process was also investigated.     

High-resolution NMR spectra in inhomogeneous and unstable fields via the three-pulse method

In modern solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the spectral resolution is mainly dependent on the spatial homogeneity and temporal stability of the magnetic field. The spectral linewidths are usually proportional to the overall field homogeneity and the stability experienced by the sample. Many high-resolution NMR methods have been developed, but few are applicable in inhomogeneous and unstable fields. In this paper, a high-resolution three-pulse method based on intermolecular zero-quantum coherences (iZQCs) is proposed. Since this method is insensitive to field inhomogeneity and instability, spectral information such as the chemical shift can be retained in the resulting spectra. In comparison with the CPMG-HOMOGENIZED method, the new method provides almost pure solvent–solute iZQC signals.     

极小3边连通可折图

本文证实了Catlin和赖虹建的猜想:设G是非平凡连通简化图,如果F(G)=2,则G∈{K_2,t;t≥1}.     

等离子体聚合法修饰半导体光电极的研究——聚丙烯腈/n-GaAs,n-GaP电极

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) film attached to n-GaAs, n-GaP photoelectrode surface by plasma polymerization has been studied. Both electrochemical behaviors and stability of the modified electrodes have been investigated. The results showed that the semiconductor electrodes with PAN film decreased photocorrosion in a certain degree, and their electrochemical characteristics and stability were improved remarkably after plasma doping. Cyclic voltammetric analysis demonstrated that the redox reaction occurred in I-PAN films could be carried out rapidly on electrode surfaces, in favor of the capture and transfer of photoinduced holes by the films to redox couples in solution.     

土壤颗粒组成对REE吸附量及侵蚀示踪精度的影响

稀土元素(REE)示踪技术已被广泛应用于土壤侵蚀研究之中,为水土流失定量研究提供了一种精度较高的方法。但该方法在应用时较少考虑不同粒级土壤颗粒对REE吸附量的差异,从而影响了该方法计算结果的精确度。通过淋溶实验研究了REE在紫色土壤中的垂直迁移能力,并对紫色土中不同粒级土壤颗粒的REE吸附能力进行了分析,同时利用人工模拟降雨侵蚀实验对REE示踪技术精确度进行了研究。结果表明:REE在土壤中几乎没有发生垂直迁移,并且主要被吸附于小于0.075 mm的土壤颗粒之中。根据不同粒级土壤颗粒对REE的吸附量,对REE示踪土壤侵蚀量数据进行修正,使得计算结果的精确性得到了较大幅度的提高。     

环境中典型人工纳米颗粒物毒性效应

随着纳米技术和纳米材料在工业和生活中的大规模应用,大量的人工纳米颗粒物将不可避免地释放到环境介质(如水体、土壤、沉积物等)中。纳米颗粒物所具有的独特性质已引发人们对它们可能造成的健康风险和环境危害的关注和讨论。本文对目前环境中存在的几种主要典型人工纳米颗粒物的性质、来源、纳米毒性及影响纳米毒性的因素进行详细介绍,阐述了纳米颗粒物对生物的可能致毒机理。在分析纳米颗粒物毒性影响因素过程中,提出了纳米材料在环境中相关毒性研究展望。最后文中总结目前纳米材料在环境中的行为和毒性研究中所存在和面临的问题,并在此基础上提出将来纳米材料毒性的研究方向(如纳米材料的定量结构-活性关系,纳米材料表征技术及慢性毒性研究等)及需要改进的相关建议。     

Sunlight helps self-healing of liquid-crystalline gels of lignin-graft PMMA doped with GO and azobenzene

ABSTRACT

Self-healing soft matters have attracted much attention because of their extraordinary performance for extending working life of materials. To utilise sunlight to help self-healing of liquid-crystalline gels composed of one low-mass liquid crystal (5CB) and one hyperbranched polymer (lignin-graft-PMMA), a low content of graphene oxide (GO) and one azobenzene compound are doped as photoresponsive additives. Upon irradiation of UV light, the azobenzene can induce gel-sol transition due to the photoinduced molecular cooperative motion, thus surface dents can be repaired. On the other hand, GO functions as the nanoscale heat source because of the photothermal effect under exposure of visible (VIS) or NIR light, heating the gel to undergo gel-sol transition for mending surface cracks. In addition, the mechanical properties of the gels are also improved by addition of GO. This NIR-VIS-UV light responsive liquid-crystalline gel shows highly effective gel-sol transition upon direct solar radiation because of the coexistence of both photochemical and photothermal effect. Furthermore, these sunlight-assistant self-healing gels also show anisotropy and orientation just like other liquid-crystalline materials, enabling them to find various advanced applications with longer service life.     

基于LS-DYNA的车辆碰撞数值分析

本文基于中国新车评估规程,对高速车辆正面相撞和高速测试车辆与静态车辆侧面相撞这两种工况进行了碰撞数值模拟,采用HYPERMESH进行建模和LS-DYNA进行仿真分析计算.分析结果表明,在正面碰撞中,前保险杠与阻挡壁接触发生弯曲和变形,随着碰撞时间的持续,发动机的副车架弯曲,导致乘客舱的侵入量明显增加.侧面碰撞中,B柱和测试车辆的蜂窝结构发生严重变形,发动机舱结构的褶皱吸收大量的冲击能量.通过改进车辆结构,A柱的侵入量从80 mm减小到40 mm,脚部空间的侵入量从210 mm减少到150 mm.侧面碰撞时B柱的窗口边缘处的侵入量与下部的侵入量也均满足安全要求.