Beyond the Polysulfide Shuttle and Lithium Dendrite Formation: Addressing the Sluggish Sulfur Redox Kinetics for Practical High-Energy Li-S Batteries

Electrolyte modulation simultaneously suppresses polysulfide the shuttle effect and lithium dendrite formation of lithium–sulfur (Li-S) batteries. However, the sluggish S redox kinetics, especially under high S loading and lean electrolyte operation, has been ignored, which dramatically limits the cycle life and energy density of practical Li-S pouch cells. Herein, we demonstrate that a rational combination of selenium doping, core–shell hollow host structure, and fluorinated ether electrolytes enables ultrastable Li stripping/plating and essentially no polysulfide shuttle as well as fast redox kinetics. Thus, high areal capacity (>4 mAh cm⁻²) with excellent cycle stability and Coulombic efficiency were both demonstrated in Li metal anode and thick S cathode (4.5 mg cm⁻²) with a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio (10 μL mg⁻¹). This research further demonstrates a durable Li-Se/S pouch cell with high specific capacity, validating the potential practical applications.     

微肥“稻多收”应用于水稻的增产效果

介绍了９年来“稻多收”应用于水稻的产产效果。“稻多收”对水稻具有促长防衰、防穗期病害、增强抗性、抑制光呼吸、促进杂交稻两段灌浆及动摇重成穗、提高结实率与干粒重等功能、用法简单，增产效果显著。     

Molecular communication through stochastic synchronization induced by extracellular fluctuations

We model a synthetic gene regulatory network in a microbial cell, and investigate the effect of noises on cell-cell communication in a well-mixed multicellular system. A biologically plausible model is developed for cellular communication in an indirectly coupled multicellular system. Without extracellular noises, all cells, in spite of interaction among them, behave irregularly due to independent intracellular noises. On the other hand, extracellular noises that are common to all cells can induce collective dynamics and stochastically synchronize the multicellular system by actively enhancing the integrated interchange of signaling molecules.     

微肥“稻多收”1995年滁州市应用试验报告

示范了１３３３０×６６７ｍ２施用微肥“稻多收”增产效果，平均每６６７ｍ２增产稻谷７０ｋｇ，共增产稻谷９３３０００ｋｇ，扣除每６６７ｍ２农业成本１２元．净增效益２１１．６８万元．还取得了科教工作者直接投身于经济建设的几点经验体会。     

On estimates of Lyapunov exponents of synchronized coupled systems

Lyapunov exponents of a synchronized coupled system consist of those of the underlying individual systems and the transverse systems, based on a mode decomposition along the synchronization manifold. Estimates of bounds on the Lyapunov exponents (including transverse Lyapunov exponents) are derived. Several examples are used to validate the theoretical estimates.     

催化光度法测定痕量敌百虫

以过氧化氢－联苯胺为指示反应，在檬檬钠弱碱性介质中建立了催化光度测定痕量敌百虫亲方法。方法灵敏度为０．０５４ｍｇ／Ｌ，线性范围为０－２８．８ｍｇ／Ｌ，应用于痕量敌百虫试样的快速分析，结果满意。     

Beyond the Polysulfide Shuttle and Lithium Dendrite Formation: Addressing the Sluggish Sulfur Redox Kinetics for Practical High‐Energy Li‐S Batteries

Electrolyte modulation simultaneously suppresses polysulfide the shuttle effect and lithium dendrite formation of lithium–sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. However, the sluggish S redox kinetics, especially under high S loading and lean electrolyte operation, has been ignored, which dramatically limits the cycle life and energy density of practical Li‐S pouch cells. Herein, we demonstrate that a rational combination of selenium doping, core–shell hollow host structure, and fluorinated ether electrolytes enables ultrastable Li stripping/plating and essentially no polysulfide shuttle as well as fast redox kinetics. Thus, high areal capacity (>4 mAh cm^?2) with excellent cycle stability and Coulombic efficiency were both demonstrated in Li metal anode and thick S cathode (4.5 mg cm^?2) with a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio (10 μL mg^?1). This research further demonstrates a durable Li‐Se/S pouch cell with high specific capacity, validating the potential practical applications.     

Lattice Boltzmann modeling of transport phenomena in fuel cells and flow batteries

Fuel cells and flow batteries are promising technologies to address climate change and air pollution problems. An understanding of the complex multiscale and multiphysics transport phenomena occurring in these electrochemical systems requires powerful numerical tools. Over the past decades, the lattice Boltzmann(LB) method has attracted broad interest in the computational fluid dynamics and the numerical heat transfer communities, primarily due to its kinetic nature making it appropriate for modeling complex multiphase transport phenomena. More importantly, the LB method fits well with parallel computing due to its locality feature, which is required for large-scale engineering applications. In this article, we review the LB method for gas–liquid two-phase flows, coupled fluid flow and mass transport in porous media, and particulate flows. Examples of applications are provided in fuel cells and flow batteries. Further developments of the LB method are also outlined.     

A simple time-delay feedback anticontrol method made rigorous

An effective method of chaotification via time-delay feedback for a simple finite-dimensional continuous-time autonomous system is made rigorous in this paper. Some mathematical conditions are derived under which a nonchaotic system can be controlled to become chaotic, where the chaos so generated is in a rigorous mathematical sense of Li-Yorke in terms of the Marotto theorem. Numerical simulations are given to verify the theoretical analysis.