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1.
M. B. Wright 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》1989,40(2):187-192
This paper addresses a problem common to all railway networks. Given a fixed train timetable and locomotives (or other forms of traction) of various types, each train must be allocated a locomotive. This paper examines the use of stochastic algorithms for such a problem. Two types of algorithm are used—a simple ‘local improvement’ method, performed successively from randomly chosen starting points, and a ‘simulated annealing’ approach. Both are found to give considerably better results than a deterministic method in current use, and the annealing approach is probably the better stochastic method. 相似文献
2.
A. Grittner J. Szilasi C. R. Alder Wright und C. Thompson 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1886,25(1):594-595
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
3.
N. Wright und W. C. Lee 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1940,120(1-2):39-40
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
4.
Anna Arkhireeva John N. Hay Jackie M. Lane Miguel Manzano Helen Masters Wilberforce Oware Steve J. Shaw 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2004,31(1-3):31-36
The synthesis of ORganically MOdified SILica (ORMOSIL) particles has been carried out using both the hydrolytic and non-hydrolytic sol-gel routes. The hybrid (nano)composites are organically modified with an alkyl or aryl group covalently bonded to silicon. Hybrids have been synthesised in an aqueous sol-gel process by a modified Stöber route, producing spherical nanoparticles with diameters in the range 50–300 nm. The size of the particles can be controlled by control of certain reaction parameters. Smaller ormosil nanoparticles can be synthesised by a base-catalysed emulsion polymerisation route, by varying the type and concentration of surfactant and precursor feed rate. In this case, particles in the size range 3.5–10 nm can be obtained. Hybrids have been synthesised from hyperbranched polyesters by encapsulation in a silica matrix using the hydrolytic sol-gel route. Optimisation of the reaction conditions allows the hybrids to be produced as isolated sub-micron spherical particles. Ormosil particles have also been synthesised using the non-hydrolytic sol-gel route, which may lead to products of different morphologies because of the different polarity of the reaction medium. Different reaction conditions were studied in order to optimise the size and shape of the particles, including choice of solvent, use of surfactants and addition of polystyrene. Dimethylsulfoxide acts as a novel oxygen donor for the catalyst-free formation of colourless silsesquioxanes. 相似文献
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This report focuses on a theoretical study of the cobalt-cabon bond activation mechanism in Vitamin B12, its co enzyme complexes, and model compounds such as cobalamins (Cbl), cobaloximes and cobalt porphyrins. In particular, emphasis is placed on the nucleotide loop and its role in the base on and base off mechanism. 相似文献
8.
Water suppression by diffusive attenuation was used to measure Brix in intact cellular tissue of apple and strawberry. Given
the signal-to-noise ratio, the correlation for apple was established without repeated acquisition, so this protocol should
also be useful for rapid, on-line measurements at low spectrometer frequencies. Water suppression by theT
1-Null method fails with cellular tissue because of the considerable variation in the longitudinal relaxation times of vacuolar
and cytoplasmic water. 相似文献
9.
The regression problem in learning theory is investigated with least square Tikhonov regularization schemes in reproducing
kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS). We follow our previous work and apply the sampling operator to the error analysis in both the
RKHS norm and the L2 norm. The tool for estimating the sample error is a Bennet inequality for random variables with values in Hilbert spaces.
By taking the Hilbert space to be the one consisting of Hilbert-Schmidt operators in the RKHS, we improve the error bounds
in the L2 metric, motivated by an idea of Caponnetto and de Vito. The error bounds we derive in the RKHS norm, together with a Tsybakov
function we discuss here, yield interesting applications to the error analysis of the (binary) classification problem, since
the RKHS metric controls the one for the uniform convergence. 相似文献
10.
Tracy Noble Ricardo Nemirovsky Cara Dimattia Tracey Wright 《International Journal of Computers for Mathematical Learning》2004,9(2):109-167
In this article, we will describe the results of a study of 6th grade students learning about the mathematics of change. The
students in this study worked with software environments for the computer and the graphing calculator that included a simulation
of a moving elevator, linked to a graph of its velocity vs. time. We will describe how the students and their teacher negotiated
the mathematical meanings of these representations, in interaction with the software and other representational tools available
in the classroom. The class developed ways of selectively attending to specific features of stacks of centimeter cubes, hand-drawn
graphs, and graphs (labeled velocity vs. time) on the computer screen. In addition, the class became adept at imagining the
motions that corresponded to various velocity vs. time graphs. In this article, we describe this development as a process
of learning to see mathematical representations of motion. The main question this article addresses is: How do students learn
to see mathematical representations in ways that are consistent with the discipline of mathematics?
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献