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1.
2.
M. D. Roberts 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》1992,42(2):151-158
It is shown that: i) the Weyl tensor can be expressed in terms of the sum of a tensor and its double dual, where the tensor is constructed from the covariant derivatives of the Lanczos tensor, ii) a similar expression does not exist for the Riemann tensor in electromagnetic theory, iii) the electromagnetic field cannot be identified with the differential gauge freedom of the Lanczos tensor, iv) the symmetries of Einstein Maxwell theory and the Lanczos tensor do not prohibit the identification of the electromagnetic field with the algebraic gauge freedom of the Lanczos tensor, these symmetries require a differential equation relating the electromagnetic field tensor to the algebraic gauge vector and this is given. 相似文献
3.
Alex M. Green David G. Gevaux Christine Roberts Chris C. Phillips 《Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures》2004,20(3-4):531
In this paper we outline the use of resonant-cavity enhancement for increasing the exterior coupling efficiency of photodetectors and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral region. This method is potentially very important in the MIR because encapsulation is not presently feasible due to the lack of suitable materials. Among other potential applications, resonant-cavity-enhanced (RCE) photodetectors and LEDs could be particularly suitable for greenhouse gas detection because of their ‘pre-tunable’ spectrally narrowed resonantly enhanced peaks. We also present the optical characterization of an InAs RCE photodetector aimed at the detection of methane gas (λ≈3.3 μm), and an InAs/InAs0.91Sb0.09 resonant-cavity LED (RCLED) aimed at carbon dioxide gas (λ≈4.2 μm). The high peak responsivity of the RCE photodetector was 34.7 A/W at λ=3.14 μm, and the RCLED peaked at λ=3.96 μm. These are among the longest operating wavelengths for III–V RCE photodetectors and RCLEDs reported in the literature. 相似文献
4.
Mark D. Roberts 《General Relativity and Gravitation》2004,36(11):2423-2431
The paths of stars in galaxies have circular velocity independent of their distance from the centre of the galaxy. Newtonian mechanics with a logarithmic potential has such paths. In relativity these paths can be taken to be geodesics and this requirement places a restricting equation on the spacetime metric. This equation has a non-unique spherically symmetric solution that in the Newtonian limit has a logarithmic potential. It also can be solved in terms of a conformal factor. In particular it has solutions which are conformal to the vacuum-Einstein solutions and such spacetimes are solutions to the vacuum-Bach equations. Therefore it is suggested that the Bach equations describe dynamics on galactic length scales. 相似文献
5.
A. Roberts M. L. von Bibra H-P. Gemünd E. Kreysa 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》1994,15(3):505-517
In this paper a comparison between a rigorous electromagnetic model for transmission through a hexagonal array of circular waveguides in a series of thick, metallic screens and experimental measurements in the far infrared is made. It is found that there is excellent agreement between theory and experiment when the frequency is below that where any diffracted orders propagate. The agreement is still very good above this frequency. Below a frequency approximately equal to the cut-off frequency of the circular waveguides little power is transmitted. As the thickness of the screen is increased, this decrease in transmission becomes more abrupt. Also, for thick screens, resonances appear in the transmission spectrum which are analogous to those which appear in the spectra of two grids separated by a distance comparable to the wavelength of the radiation being used. 相似文献
6.
S. Feng K. Halterman P.L. Overfelt J.M. Elson G.A. Lindsay M.J. Roberts 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2007,87(2):235-244
We present an overview of some of our work on transmission properties and mode characteristics of layered metamaterials and
their potential applications. In particular, we will show how layered metamaterials exhibit unusual transmission properties
and unconventional features of guided modes, such as resonance-induced transparency in multilayer structures and slope reversal
of dispersion curves in coupled waveguides.
PACS 78.67.-n; 73.21.Ac; 61.46.+w; 42.25.Bs; 42.82.Et 相似文献
7.
Stephen G. Davies Ian A. Hunter Rebecca L. Nicholson Paul.M. Roberts Edward D. Savory Andrew D. Smith 《Tetrahedron》2004,60(35):7553-7577
α-Dibenzylamino- and α-benzyloxy- derivatives of N-acetyl-(S)-4-benzyl-5,5-dimethyloxazolidin-2-one readily undergo highly stereoselective boron mediated syn-aldol reactions with a range of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, generating the syn-aldol products in good to excellent yields as single diastereoisomers after purification. In the α-dibenzylamino series, deprotection of the functionalised aldol fragments to the corresponding α-amino-β-hydroxy methyl ester or α-amino-β-hydroxyaldehyde proved problematic, with a range of N- and O-protecting groups giving mixtures of products arising from endocyclic and exocyclic cleavage pathways. However, in the α-benzyloxy series, O-silyl protection of the aldol products, and subsequent DIBAL reduction gives stereoselectively the corresponding N-1′-hydroxyalkyloxazolidin-2-ones, which undergo base promoted fragmentation to the desired highly functionalised and differentially protected α,β-dihydroxyaldehydes in good yields and without loss of stereochemical integrity. 相似文献
8.
Geneviève Roux David Roberts Gérald Perron Jacques E. Desnoyers 《Journal of solution chemistry》1980,9(9):629-647
The heat capacities per unit volume and the densities of aqueous solutions of 2-propanol, neopentanol, tert-amylalcohol, 2-amino-2-methylpropanol, triethylamine and diethylmethylamine were measured, in many cases as a function of temperature, over the whole mole fraction or solubility range. Apparent and partial molal heat capacities, volumes and expansibilities were derived. The concentration dependence of these functions suggest the existence of transitions in some of these systems, in the water-rich region, qualitatively similar to micellization. The large relaxation contribution observed with some of the thermodynamic functions of hydrophobic alcohols and amines suggests a reinforcement of hydrophobic hydration due to strong hydrogen-bonding interactions of the polar groups with water. 相似文献
9.
D. R. Roberts A. L. Gatzke 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1978,16(6):1211-1219
The thermal decomposition of poly(vinylidene chloride) was studied for samples prepared in the presence of oxygen. The products from both mass and aqueous suspension polymerizations show two modes of thermal decomposition. A rapid initial mode varies in rate and extent with the amount of oxygen present. A slower mode is unaffected by oxygen and in similar in rate to the polymer made in the absence of oxygen. The chief volatile products are phosgene and formaldehyde for the rapid decomposition and hydrogen chloride for the slow decomposition. The rapid decomposition is interpreted to be an unzipping reaction of a vinylidene chloride–oxygen alternating copolymer initiated by homolysis of a peroxide bond. The absence of significant amounts of hydrogen chloride during this stage of decomposition shows that none of the free radicals generated are capable of initiating a chain reaction that would unzip hydrogen chloride from the poly(vinylidene chloride) backbone. The presence of oxygen during the aqueous suspension polymerization correlates with the generation of hydrochloric acid in the aqueous phase. By analogy with the high temperature decomposition, the hydrochloric acid is believed to result primarily from the hydrolysis of phosgene produced by partial decomposition of the polyperoxide. Initiation of the decomposition is believed due to a reaction of the chain propagating radical. 相似文献
10.
Ermann M Simkovsky NM Roberts SM Parry DM Baxter AD 《Journal of combinatorial chemistry》2002,4(4):352-358
A solid-phase synthesis of substituted cyclic urea derivatives as potential heterocyclic library scaffolds is described. 2-Amino-3-nitropyridine is attached to Wang resin via a carbamate linkage. Reduction of the nitro group was achieved with SnCl(2).2H(2)O. Reductive alkylation with a range of substituted benzaldehydes followed by cyclative cleavage afforded a small library of 3-substituted imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine-2-ones in 33-45% yield and 59-88% purity. Subsequently, this methodology was applied to the synthesis of 3-substituted imidazo[4,5-f]quinolin-2-ones. 相似文献