Structural developments in synthetic rubbers during uniaxial deformation by in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction

The molecular orientation and strain‐induced crystallization of synthetic rubbers—polyisoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, and butyl rubber [poly(isobutylene isoprene)]—during uniaxial deformation were studied with in situ synchrotron wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. The high intensity of the synchrotron X‐rays and the new data analysis method made it possible to estimate the mass fractions of the strain‐induced crystals and amorphous chain segments in both the oriented and unoriented states. Contrary to the conventional concept, the majority of the molecules (50–75%) remained in an unoriented amorphous state at high strains. Each synthetic rubber showed a different behavior of strain‐induced crystallization and molecular orientation during extension and retraction. Our results confirmed the occurence of strain‐induced networks in the synthetic rubbers due to the inhomogeneity of the crosslink distribution. The strain‐induced networks containing microfibrillar crystals and oriented amorphous tie chains were responsible for the ultimate mechanical properties. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 956–964, 2004     

<Superscript>6</Superscript>He + <Superscript>6</Superscript>He Clustering of <Superscript>12</Superscript>Be in a Microscopic Algebraic Approach

The norm kernel of the A=12 system composed of two ⁶He clusters, and the L=0 basis functions (in the SU(3) and angular momentum-coupled schemes) are analytically obtained in the Fock-Bargmann space. The norm kernel has a diagonal form in the former basis, but the asymptotic conditions are naturally defined in the latter one. The system is a good illustration for the method of projection of the norm kernel to the basis functions in the presence of SU(3) degeneracy that was proposed by the authors. The coupled-channel problem is considered in the algebraic version of the resonating-group method, with the multiple decay thresholds being properly accounted for. The structure of the ground state of ¹²Be obtained in the approximation of zero-range nuclear force is compared with the shell-model predictions. In the continuum part of the spectrum, the S-matrix is constructed, the asymptotic normalization coefficients are deduced and their energy dependence is analyzed.     

Hypernuclear production with a strong spin-flip

A kinematically correct treatment of the full transition amplitude for many-body hypernuclear production is presented. By an example of (⁺, K⁺) reaction, effects of the spin-flip amplitude and its interference with the spin-non-flip amplitude are demonstrated and specified for ¹² C.Dedicated to Academician Václav Votruba on the occasion of his eightieth birthday.The discussions with many colleagues are appreciated, in particular those with R. Mach, L. Majling and T. Motoba were of much use.     

Dielectric behavior of polyethyleneoxide (polyox)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Cluster model study of lightp-shell Λ-hypernuclei with OBE-based effective ΛN interaction

The structures of the lightp-shell hypernuclei \({}_\Lambda ^6 He,{}_\Lambda ^7 Li,{}_\Lambda ^9 Liand{}_\Lambda ^9 Be\) are studied by using a realistic effectiveΛN interaction (YNG), and compared to those with the use of the simple one-range Gaussian (ORG) interaction. The YNG interaction, which simulates theΛNG-matrix for the Nijmegen OBE modelD, is characterized by the inner repulsive core and the density-dependence along with the space-exchange and spin-spin components. The framework we adopt is the microscopic α +x + Λ (x=n, d, t or α) three-cluster model, where nucleon antisymmetrization is exactly treated. The characteristic behaviors ofΛ?x andΛ?(αx) interactions derived from the YNG are displayed and discussed. In spite of the remarkable characteristic of YNG, the calculated energy levels of the four hypernuclei are very similar to those previous obtained by using the simple ORG interaction. The stabilization and contraction of the hypernuclear system due to the glue-like role ofΛ-particle persists in the present calculation, though the repulsive core of theΛN interaction tends to prevent from too much contraction.     

Pionic decay of hypernuclei

The mass number dependence of the total pionic decay rate of hypernuclei is evaluated under the closure approximation by using DDHF single-particle wave functions and taking into account the pion distortion and absorption. The effect ofNN andN correlations are then incorporated and found to give a drastic enhancement especially in heavy hypernuclei. More detailed features are discussed for partial and total decay rates of typical light hypernuclei.Presented at the symposium Mesons and Light Nuclei, Bechyn, Czechoslovakia, May 27–June 1, 1985.     

NMR studies of conformations and dynamic processes—II : [26]Bicyclophanes with ethylene bridges

The conformations and dynamic processes in two bicyclophanes have been analysed on the basis of temperature-dependent ¹H NMR spectra. Both bicyclophanes are suggested to have a lowest-energy conformation of D₃ symmetry in which the substituents at all ethylene bridges are gauche⁺ (or gauche^?) oriented. The interconversion of the mirror image conformers of each bicyclophane equilibrates the two hydrogens in each methylene group, the barriers being ca 36 and 37 kJ mol^?1, respectively, as determined by line-shape analysis.     

Synthetic study of optically active 3-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-2,6,8-tricarboxylic acid

Synthesis of (1R,2S,5S,6R,8S)-3-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-2,6,8-tricarboxylic acid (2) from trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (5) was attempted. A Diels-Alder reaction of 3,4-dehydroproline derivative 9 and cyclopentadiene afforded a single stereoisomer 11. The Diels-Alder adduct was smoothly converted to the hydrochloride of 2 (24) via RuO(4) oxidation. Although some racemization of the material or product was observed during the synthetic processes, the amino acid 24 proved to be optically pure.     

Revised analysis of the structure of the v1 band of methane

The CARS spectrum of the v₁ band of ₁₂CH₄ at a pressure of 14 mbar was recorded using cw excitation in the cavity of a ring argon ion laser. The analysis of the intensity profile of the obarred spectrum led to the detection of inconsistencies with the hitherto proposed calculated positions of transitions with J = 7 to J = 10 and to a relocation of the corresponding lines.