Analysis of a tripartite entanglement distribution switch

Queueing Systems - We study a quantum switch that distributes tripartite entangled states to sets of users. The entanglement switching process requires two steps: First, each user attempts to...     

Microwave promoted energy-efficient N-formylation with aqueous formic acid

Microwave-induced organic reaction enhancement (‘MORE’) chemistry technique (open vessel; controlled microwave energy to stay below the boiling point of the reaction mixture) was used for the N-formylation of aliphatic and aromatic amines and amino heterocycles with aq formic acid (80%) on a multiple gram scale in a few minutes.     

Multielemental characterisation of cobalt by glow discharge quadrupole mass spectrometry

Multielemental determination and the assessment of purity of cobalt metal used in the preparation of Ni-based super-alloys have been carried out by glow discharge quadrupole mass spectrometry (GD-QMS). Relative sensitivity factors (RSF) generated from certified iron matrix reference samples (NIST 663 and 664 low alloy steel pin standards) could be used for the determination of different trace element constituents of the sample. Different wet chemical procedures were also carried out for the determination of the trace constituents in the sample. The GD-QMS results are in reasonably good agreement with those obtained from wet chemical procedures, validating the use of the RSF values generated on low alloy steel standards for the computation of trace element concentrations in cobalt metal. A variety of molecular ions formed through the reaction of cobalt (matrix) with the discharge gas (argon) were also detected.     

Some generating functions of Jacobi polynomials

In this paper, Weisner’s group-theoretic method of obtaining generating functions is utilized in the study of Jacobi polynomialsP> _n ^(a,ß)(x) by giving suitable interpretations to the index (n) and the parameter (β) to find out the elements for constructing a six-dimensional Lie algebra.     

Parametric Excitation of the Electron-Acoustic Wave in a Multiply Ionized Plasma

Parametric excitation of the electron-acoustic wave (EAW) has been analysed using a hydrodynamical model. The plasma has been assumed to consist of multiply charged ions. The ratio (α) of the hotter ion concentration to that of the electrons is a sensitive parameter. The condition for the occurrence of the EAW is well satisfied for the smaller values of α. The growth rate of the instability gets enhanced by increasing α and the charge state of the hotter ions. The values of α can be varied within short range only.     

Inorganic oxide core, polymer shell nanocomposite as a high K gate dielectric for flexible electronics applications

Organic/inorganic core shell nanoparticles have been synthesized using high K TiO(2) as the core nanoparticle, and polystyrene as the shell. This material is easy to process and forms transparent continuous thin films, which exhibit a dielectric constant enhancement of over 3 times that of bulk polystyrene. This new dielectric material has been incorporated into capacitors and thin film transistors (TFTs). Mobilities approaching 0.2 cm(2)/V.s have been measured for pentacene TFTs incorporating the new TiO(2) polystyrene nanostructured gate dielectric, indicating good surface properties for pentacene film growth. This novel strategy for generating high K flexible gate dielectrics will be of value in improving organic and flexible electronic device performance.     

Where is the sodium in self-assembled monolayers of single-stranded DNA?

Monolayers of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) immobilized on surfaces form the basis of a number of important biotechnology applications, including DNA microarrays and biosensors. The organization of ssDNA as layer on a solid substrate allows one to investigate various properties of the DNA in a controlled manner and to use DNA for analytical applications as well as for exploring futuristic schemes for molecular electronics. It is commonly assumed that the adsorbed DNA layer contains some structural water and the cations. Here we show, based on XPS studies, that when monolayers of ssDNA are formed from sodium phosphate buffer and washed thoroughly, no Na+ signal is detected. A finite concentration of ions is observed when the DNA is made from a solution of Mg2+ ions, but it is still only a fifth of what it would be if all the phosphate ions were fully neutralized by the metal cations.     

Catalytic properties of vanadium bronzes, I. Decomposition of isopropanol

Decomposition of isopropanol on V₂O₅ and the bonzes Li_0.02V₂O₅, Na_0.02V₂O₅, Na_0.06V₂O₅, Li_0.33V₂O₅, and Na_0.33V₂O₅ has been studied in the temperature range 168–300°C. The main reaction was found to be dehydration to propene with negligible dehydrogenation to acetone on the first four catalysts. Dehydration on these catalysts increased with the alkali metal content, but the energy of activation remained unchanged. On the last two catalysts, dehydration and dehydrogenation proceeded at comparable rates. A tentative mechanism for the dehydration of isopropanol is proposed, based on the effect of the product on the initial rate, the electric conductivity of the catalysts and their ESR spectra.

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V₂O₅ : Li_0,02V₂O₅, Na_0,02V₂O₅, Na_0,06V₂O₅, Li_0,33V₂O₅ Na_0,33V₂O₅ 186–300°C. . , . . , , .

     

Recombination reactions of oxygen atoms on an anodized aluminum plasma reactor wall, studied by a spinning wall method

We have studied the recombination of O atoms on an anodized Al surface in an oxygen plasma, using a new "spinning wall" technique. With this method, a cylindrical section of the wall of the plasma reactor is rotated and the surface is periodically exposed to an oxygen plasma and then to a differentially pumped mass spectrometer (MS). By varying the substrate rotation frequency (r), we vary the reaction time (t(r)), that is, the time between exposure of the surface to O atoms in the plasma and MS detection of desorbing O(2) (t(r) = 1/2r). As t(r) is increased from 0.7 to 40 ms, the O(2) desorption signal decreases by a factor of 2 for an O-atom flux of 1 x 10(16) cm(-2) s(-1) and by a factor of 6 when the O flux is 1 x 10(17) cm(-2) s(-1). The O(2) signal decay is highly nonexponential, slowing at longer times and reaching zero signal as r --> 0. A model of O-atom recombination is compared with these time-dependent results. The model assumes adsorption occurs at surface sites with a range of binding energies. O can detach from these sites, become mobile, and diffuse along the surface. This leads to desorption of O, reattachment at free adsorption sites, and recombination to form O(2) that promptly desorbs. With several adjustable parameters, the model reproduces the observed shapes of the O(2) desorption decay curves and the lack of detectable desorption of O and predicts a high O-atom recombination coefficient on anodized aluminum.