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1.
Markus Bödenler Ludovic de Rochefort P. James Ross Nicolas Chanet Geneviève Guillot Gareth R. Davies 《Molecular physics》2019,117(7-8):832-848
ABSTRACTFast field-cycling (FFC) nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry is a well-established method to determine the relaxation rates as a function of magnetic field strength. This so-called nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion gives insight into the underlying molecular dynamics of a wide range of complex systems and has gained interest especially in the characterisation of biological tissues and diseases. The combination of FFC techniques with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a high potential for new types of image contrast more specific to pathological molecular dynamics. This article reviews the progress in FFC-MRI over the last decade and gives an overview of the hardware systems currently in operation. We discuss limitations and error correction strategies specific to FFC-MRI such as field stability and homogeneity, signal-to-noise ratio, eddy currents and acquisition time. We also report potential applications with impact in biology and medicine. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future applications in transferring the underlying molecular dynamics into novel types of image contrast by exploiting the dispersive properties of biological tissue or MRI contrast agents. 相似文献
2.
Jonathan M. Levin Lawrence L. Wald Marc J. Kaufman Marjorie H. Ross Luis C. Maas Perry F. Renshaw 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》1998,130(2):292-295
Residual effects of an initial bolus of gadolinium contrast agent have been previously demonstrated in sequential dynamic susceptibility contrast MR experiments. While these residual effects quickly reach a saturation steady state, their etiology is uncertain, and they can lead to spurious estimates of hemodynamic parameters in activation experiments. The possible influence ofT1effects is now investigated with experiments in whichT1weighting is varied as well as with serial regionalT1measurements. Little evidence for significant residualT1effects is found, suggesting instead that susceptibility effects underlie these observations. An initial saturation dose of contrast agent minimizes this effect. 相似文献
3.
Vijaya Gracias Alan F. Gasiecki Joel D. Moore Irini Akritopoulou-Zanze Stevan W. Djuric 《Tetrahedron letters》2006,47(50):8977-8980
A general method for the preparation of diaza-spirocycles is reported. This method used an olefin metathesis in order to construct the desired spirocyclic framework. Beginning with commercially available protected amino ketones, this strategy ultimately produced pharmacologically relevant diaza-scaffolds in an efficient and high-yielding process. 相似文献
4.
Thomas Moore 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1883,22(1):247-248
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
5.
E.Ann Hallinan Clifford R. DornWilliam M. Moore Gina M. JeromePamela T. Manning Barnett S. Pitzele 《Tetrahedron letters》2003,44(39):7345-7347
Described is a method of introducing trifluoroalkyl groups at C-6 of lysine. This chemistry has the potential to introduce a variety of functionality at C-6 of lysine. 相似文献
6.
Gerald Moore. 《Mathematics of Computation》2004,73(245):211-242
We present an algorithm, based on approximation by Laguerre polynomials, for computing a point on the stable manifold of a stationary solution of an autonomous system. A superconvergence phenomenon means that the accuracy of our results is much higher than the usual spectral accuracy. Both the theory and the implementation of the method are considered. Finally, as an application of the algorithm, we describe a fully spectral approximation of homo- and heteroclinic orbits.
7.
Ross Anderson Cunsheng Ding Tor Helleseth Torleiv Klove 《Designs, Codes and Cryptography》1998,15(2):111-124
Previous researchers have designed shared control schemes with a view to minimising the likelihood that participants will conspire to perform an unauthorised act. But, human nature being what it is, systems inevitably fail; so shared control schemes should also be designed so that the police can identify conspirators after the fact. This requirement leads us to search for schemes with sparse access structures. We show how this can be done using ideas from coding theory. In particular, secret sharing schemes based on geometric codes whose dual [n,k,d] codes have d and n as their only nonzero weights are suitable. We determine their access structures and analyse their properties. We have found almost all of them, and established some relations among codes, designs and secret-sharing schemes. 相似文献
8.
The Bekenstein–Hawking entropy of certain black holes can be computed microscopically in string theory by mapping the elusive
problem of counting microstates of a strongly gravitating black hole to the tractable problem of counting microstates of a
weakly coupled D-brane system, which has no event horizon, and indeed comfortably fits on the head of a pin. We show here
that, contrary to widely held beliefs, the entropy of spherically symmetric black holes can easily be dwarfed by that of stationary
multi-black-hole “molecules” of the same total charge and energy. Thus, the corresponding pin-sized D-brane systems do not
even approximately count the microstates of a single black hole, but rather those of a zoo of entropically dominant multicentered
configurations.
Fourth Award in the 2007 Essay Competition of the Gravity Research Foundation. 相似文献
9.
Buffer gas beam coolers may become excellent beam preparation devices for high-resolution mass separation. The small beam
emittance provided makes efficient isobar resolution a realistic goal. In order to fulfill the needs of future facilities
providing high-intensity beams of rare isotopes, it is desirable to increase the beam intensity limit of such devices from
typically several tens of nanoamperes to microamperes. This requires the usage of high-voltage radiofrequencies in a low-pressure
gas environment. A buffer gas beam cooler, dedicated to this purpose, is under development at the NSCL. The study of voltage
breakdowns under such conditions and the design of an electrode system minimizing them is mandatory.
相似文献
10.
Y. Oner O. Kamer Joseph H. Ross Jr. 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2006,300(2):373-381
We report resistivity and magnetization measurements on an amorphous Ni74Mn24Pt2 thin film in the temperature range of 3–300 K. Two significant features are apparent in both the magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity. A low-temperature (low-T) anomaly is observed at about 40 K, where a cusp appears in the resistivity, while a concomitant step-like increase in zero-field-cooled (ZFC) magnetization (M) appears with increasing temperature. The low-T anomaly is attributed to a crossover from a pure re-entrant spin-glass within individual domains to a mixed ferro-spin-glass regime at lower temperatures. By contrast, the high-temperature (high-T) anomaly, signaled by the appearance of hysteresis below 250 K, corresponds to the freezing of transverse spins in individual domains acting independently. Between the low-T and high-T anomalies a small but discernable magnetic hysteresis is observed for warming vs. cooling in the field-cooled (FC) case. This behavior clearly indicates the presence of domain structure in the sample, while the disappearance of this hysteresis at lower temperatures indicates the complete freezing of the spin orientation of these domains. According to these results, we have divided the magnetic state of this sample into three regions: at temperatures above 250 K, the sample behaves like a soft ferromagnet, exhibiting M vs. H loops with very small hysteresis (less than 5 Oe). As the temperature is lowered into the intermediate region (the range 40–250 K), spins become frozen randomly and progressively within the individual domains. These domains behave independently, rather than as a cooperative behavior of the sample. Weak irreversibility sets in, indicating the onset of transverse spin freezing within the domains. At temperatures below 40 K, the M vs. H loops exhibit larger hysteresis, for both the ZFC and FC cases, as in a pure spin-glass. We have also demonstrated giant noise in the resistivity at temperatures just below 250 K. Such noise can originate from fluctuations of the domains near the film surface because of competing effective bulk and surface anisotropy fields. The large observed amplitude may be explained by means of a large ferromagnetic anisotropy in the resistivity due to the large spin–orbit effect seen in NiMn systems. Finally, the low-T peak in the resistivity has been analyzed using Fisher and Langer's expression based on the Friedel Model proposed for critical transitions in transition metals (s–d systems). The fitted results are in satisfactory agreement with the predictions of this model. 相似文献