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Development of a capillary electrophoretic method for determination of plasma clearance of iohexol in dogs and cats
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Alexander Hellqvist Reidun Heiene Siegrid De Baere Siska Croubels Ylva Hedeland 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2015,29(4):504-513
Renal function can be monitored by estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), for example, through measurement of the plasma clearance of a marker that is freely filtrated through the kidney without reabsorption. It has been proposed that iohexol is the most accurate marker for GFR determination in cats and dogs. However, there is a need for a validated capillary electrophoretic method that covers the concentration range for a full curve clearance estimate of iohexol. In the final method, the plasma samples were protein precipitated and the supernatant was analyzed in a background electrolyte containing borate buffer (0.06 m , pH 10.0). The method developed was proved to be linear (concentration range 18– 2900 mg/L) and had a good precision (e.g. 2.3–2.9% at 88 mg/L) and accuracy (e.g. 101–105% at 88 mg/L). Finally, the method was compared with a previously published and validated HPLC‐UV method by parallel analysis of clinical plasma samples from dogs and cats administered Omnipaque®. This comparison showed excellent agreement between the two methods and no proportional or systematic error was observed. The proposed method is simple and has a low cost per sample, which makes it applicable for routine analysis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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James E. Johnson Delphine Nwoko Martha Hotema Natalia Sanchez Reidun Alderman Vincent Lynch 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1996,33(6):1583-1592
Reactions of 2,2-dimethylaziridine with benzohydroximoyl chlorides [ArC(Cl)?NOH] give aziridinylbenzaldoximes 1 . It has been found that the aziridine ring in these compounds undergoes ring opening in hydrogen chloride-dioxane solution to give (Z)-N-hydroxy-N′-(2-chloro-2-methylpropyl)benzenecarboximidamides [ArC(NHCH2CR1R2Cl)?NOH, 4 ]. Treatment of 1 with hydrochloric acid followed by neutralization with aqueous sodium hydroxide gave 6,6-dimethyl-3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazines 2. Reaction of 4 with sodium hydride in dioxane gave 5-isopropyl-3-aryl-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles 5. Reaction of the 4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles 5 with N-chlorosuccinimide gave the heteroaromatic 1,2,4-oxadiazoles 6 . It is suggested that reactions of 4 with sodium hydride in dioxane solution involve the conjugate base of 4 which undergoes a 1,2-hydride shift that is concerted with loss of chloride ion. In aqueous sodium hydroxide solution it is suggested that the conjugate base of 4 undergoes ionization of the chlorine atom followed by nucleophilic attack by the oximate anion. 相似文献
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ElSawy KM Twarock R Verma CS Caves LS 《Journal of chemical information and modeling》2012,52(3):770-776
We investigated the potential of small peptide segments to function as broad-spectrum antiviral drug leads. We extracted the α-helical peptide segments that share common secondary-structure environments in the capsid protein-protein interfaces of three unrelated virus classes (PRD1-like, HK97-like, and BTV-like) that encompass different levels of pathogenicity to humans, animals, and plants. The potential for the binding of these peptides to the individual capsid proteins was then investigated using blind docking simulations. Most of the extracted α-helical peptides were found to interact favorably with one or more of the protein-protein interfaces within the capsid in all three classes of virus. Moreover, binding of these peptides to the interface regions was found to block one or more of the putative "hot spot" regions on the protein interface, thereby providing the potential to disrupt virus capsid assembly via competitive interaction with other capsid proteins. In particular, binding of the GDFNALSN peptide was found to block interface "hot spot" regions in most of the viruses, providing a potential lead for broad-spectrum antiviral drug therapy. 相似文献
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Åsa Hallefjord Reidun Helming Kurt Jørnsten 《International Journal of Game Theory》1995,24(4):357-372
We study a class of cooperative games that is such that the values of the characteristic function are given implicitly. A constraint generation procedure can be applied to compute the nucleolus (and related solutions) of such a game, even if the number of players is large. 相似文献
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Gulliksen A Solli LA Drese KS Sörensen O Karlsen F Rogne H Hovig E Sirevåg R 《Lab on a chip》2005,5(4):416-420
A general multipurpose microchip technology platform for point-of-care diagnostics has been developed. Real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) for detection of artificial human papilloma virus (HPV) 16 sequences and SiHa cell line samples was successfully performed in cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) microchips, incorporating supply channels and parallel reaction channels. Samples were distributed into 10 parallel reaction channels, and signals were simultaneously detected in 80 nl volumes. With a custom-made optical detection unit, the system reached a sensitivity limit of 10(-6) microM for artificial HPV 16 sequences, and 20 cells microl(-1) for the SiHa cell line. This is comparable to the detection limit of conventional readers, and clinical testing of biological samples in polymer microchips using NASBA is therefore possible. 相似文献
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S. Geier M. Zeitler K. Helming M. Philip S. Henke B. Stritzker B. Rauschenbach 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1997,64(2):139-141
Thin SiC films have been deposited on silicon(0 0 1) substrates by fullerene-carbonization. Using synchrotron radiation X-ray
diffraction pole figure measurements have been employed in order to study the texture of the layers. It is qualitatively shown
that the films contain epitaxially aligned β-SiC crystallites with the same orientation as the underlying substrate and their
twins of first and second order. The orientational spread of the epitaxial crystallites in terms of tilt against and rotation
around the substrate normal is smaller than 3°. The formation of twins as a growth defect plays a major role which is even
more pronounced at a higher substrate temperature. Furthermore, an additional preferred orientation has been identified which
can only be explained by a non-cubic SiC phase. The portion of these crystallites in the film can be considerably reduced
by an increase of the deposition temperature.
Received: 18 April 1996/Accepted: 12 August 1996 相似文献
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Aasvang GM Øverland B Ursin R Moum T 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2011,129(6):3716-3726
The aim of this study was to explore and compare the effect of noise from railway and road traffic on sleep in subjects habitually exposed to nocturnal noise. Forty young and middle aged healthy subjects were studied with polysomnography (PSG) during two consecutive nights in their own bedroom. Noise measurements and recordings were conducted concurrently outside of the bedroom fac?ade as well as inside the bedroom of each participant. Different noise exposure parameters were calculated (L(p,A,eq,night), L(p,A,Fmax,night), and L(AF5,night)) and analyzed in relation to whole-night sleep parameters. The group exposed to railway noise had significantly less Rapid eye movement, (REM) sleep than the group exposed to road traffic noise. A significant association was found between the maximum level (L(p,A,Fmax,night)) of railway noise and time spent in REM sleep. REM sleep was significantly shorter in the group exposed to at least a single railway noise event above 50 dB inside the bedroom. These results, obtained in an ecological valid setting, support previous laboratory findings that railway noise has a stronger impact than road traffic noise on physiological parameters during sleep, and that the maximum noise level is an important predictor of noise effects on sleep assessed by PSG, at least for railway noise. 相似文献
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