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1.
Ralf Freund Christos Allagiannis Peter Schnholzer Karl Bernauer 《Helvetica chimica acta》1994,77(3):615-621
A crude hydrate 6 and a crystalline hemiacetal 7 of glyoxylamide 4 were prepared from crotonamide 5 (Scheme 2). Particularly hemiacetal 7 , but also 6 and the ‘dimer’ 8 (obtained from 7 ) may serve as homochiral auxiliaries. The structure of 8 was determined by X-ray analysis. By arenesulfonyl halides, tryptimines 12–14 of 4 were diastereoselectively transformed into spirotricycles 15–17 and 19 . 相似文献
2.
D.W. Mueller JrA.L. Crosbie 《Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer》2002,74(1):43-68
Three-dimensional radiative transfer in an anisotropic scattering medium exposed to spatially varying, collimated radiation is studied. The generalized reflection function for a semi-infinite medium with a very general scattering phase function is the focus of this investigation. An integral transform is used to reduce the three-dimensional transport equation to a one-dimensional form, and a modified Ambarzumian's method is applied to formulate a nonlinear integral equation for the generalized reflection function. The integration is over both the polar and azimuthal angles; hence, the integral equation is said to be in the double-integral form. The double-integral, reflection function formulation can handle a variety of anisotropic phase functions and does not require an expansion of the phase function in a Legendre polynomial series. Complicated kernel transformations of previous single-integral studies are eliminated. Single and double scattering approximations are developed. Numerical results are presented for a Rayleigh phase function to illustrate the computational characteristics of the method and are compared to results obtained with the single-integral method. Agreement between the two approaches is excellent; however, as the transform variable increases beyond five the number of quadrature points required for the double-integral method to produce accurate solutions significantly increases. A new interpolation scheme produces accurate results when the transform variable is large. 相似文献
3.
O. Perru F. Ibrahim O. Bajeat C. Bourgeois F. Clapier E. Cottereau C. Donzaud M. Ducourtieux S. Galès D. Guillemaud-Mueller C. Lau H. Lefort F. Le Blanc A. C. Mueller J. Obert N. Pauwels J. C. Potier F. Pougheon J. Proust B. Roussière J. Sauvage O. Sorlin D. Verney 《Physics of Atomic Nuclei》2003,66(8):1421-1427
The PARRNe facility has been used to produce neutron-rich isotopes 83,84Gaby the ISOL method. Their decay has been studied, and β-γ coincidence and γ-γ coincidence data were collected as a function of time. The first two excited levels in 83Ge and the first excited level in 84Ge have been measured for the first time. 相似文献
4.
[3,3]-Sigmatropic rearrangements of allyl tetronates and allyl tetramates to give 3-allyltetronic or -tetramic acids, respectively, proceed within 20-60 min under microwave irradiation (300 W, 130-190 °C). Consecutive (homo)sigmatropic [1,5] H-shifts such as oxa-ene reactions are promoted less effectively, which allows the isolation of Claisen intermediates of sigmatropic domino sequences, in contrast to conventional heating. 相似文献
5.
Ralf Jäger Anatolij I. Saprykin J. Sabine Becker Hans -Joachim Dietze José A. C. Broekaert 《Mikrochimica acta》1997,125(1-4):41-44
The analytical capabilities of a high-resolution mass spectrometer in combination with a 13.56 MHz glow discharge ion source for the analysis of semiconducting materials (silicon carbide and gallium arsenide) were studied. It was shown that single positively charged ions of sample material have about 10 eV higher average energy than the ions of the discharge and residual gas. Therefore effective energy separation of the ions of analyte from the ions of the discharge and residual gas was achieved by adjusting the ion transfer optics (breadth and position of energy slit), which improves the analytical capabilities of the developed method.Some analytical applications are presented to illustrate the performance of r.f. GDMS for the bulk analysis of semiconducting materials. The results of the trace element analysis of gallium arsenide and silicon carbide samples are compared with data of independent methods (LIMS, ICP-AES, SIMS).Dedicated to Professor Dr. rer. nat. Dr. h.c. Hubertus Nickel on the occasion of his 65th birthdayOn leave from the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia 相似文献
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8.
Ralf Ponge 《Bl?tter der DGVFM》1994,21(3):347-352
9.
Let G be a locally compact Abelian group. Following Ruy Exel, we view Fell bundles over the Pontrjagin dual group of G as continuous spectral decompositions of G-actions on C*-algebras. We classify such spectral decompositions using certain dense subspaces related to Marc Rieffel's theory of square-integrability. There is a unique continuous spectral decomposition if the group acts properly on the primitive ideal space of the C*-algebra. But there are also examples of group actions without or with several inequivalent spectral decompositions. 相似文献
10.
Ralf Quadt 《Foundations of Physics》1989,19(8):1027-1035
It is shown in this paper that a classical way of speaking about the past can be rejected when quantum systems without superselection rules are considered. To show this, use is made of a formal quantum language. The noncontextuality of quantum measurements is a presupposition of the quantum language. In addition, it is shown that introspective measurements, in contrast to the claims of Albert et al., do not violate the noncontextuality, and hence the result of rejecting the classical way of speaking remains still applicable to introspective measurements. 相似文献