ONOO-活性氧的荧光光谱分析进展

系统介绍了ONOO^-活性氧的化学性质，并对其参与的主要化学反应进行了分类和总结．同时，比较了近年来用于ONOO^-检测的方法，并重点论述了荧光光谱分析方法尤其是酶催化动力学荧光分析法在检测ONOO^-活性氧方面的优势和最新的研究进展．     

环境和生物样品中铂族金属的分析研究进展

评述了近年来环境和生物样品中痕量铂族金属的分析研究进展，重点介绍了样品的预处理和分离富集技术以及检测手段等。     

Microenvironment engineering of supported metal nanoparticles for chemoselective hydrogenation

Selective hydrogenation with supported metal catalysts widely used in the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals often faces a trade-off between activity and selectivity, mainly due to the inability to adjust one factor of the active sites without affecting other factors. In order to solve this bottleneck problem, the modulation of the microenvironment of active sites has attracted more and more attention, inspired by the collaborative catalytic mode of enzymes. In this perspective, we aim to summarize recent advances in the regulation of the microenvironment surrounding supported metal nanoparticles (NPs) using porous materials enriched with organic functional groups. Insights on how the microenvironment induces the enrichment, oriented adsorption and activation of substrates through non-covalent interaction and thus determines the hydrogenation activity and selectivity will be particularly discussed. Finally, a brief summary will be provided, and challenges together with a perspective in microenvironment engineering will be proposed.

Insights on microenvironment engineering for metal nanoparticles using porous materials enriched with organic groups and how it determines the hydrogenation performance through non-covalent interaction are highlighted.     

神光-Ⅲ主机装置成功实现60 TW/180 kJ三倍频激光输出

2015年9月15日,由中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心承担研制的神光-Ⅲ主机装置成功完成了48束激光三倍频180 kJ/3 ns、峰值功率60 TW的输出测试实验,标志着神光-Ⅲ主机装置已全面建成并达到设计指标,成为现有输出能力世界排名第二、亚洲排名第一的惯性约束聚变激光驱动器。神光-Ⅲ主机装置可输出48束阵列化的大口径高功率脉冲激光（分为6个束组,每个束组为一个42的光束阵列）,主要由前端、预放、主放、测量与光束控制、靶场、计算机集中控制等六大系统组成。神光-Ⅲ主机装置的研制,凝集了我国在光学、激光、脉冲功率、精密机械、快电子学、自动控制、化学清洗、超精密加工等多个学科领域的顶尖技术成就,堪称中国光学工程界的奇迹。神光-Ⅲ主机装置采用腔内四程放大+变口径90翻转U型反转器+助推三程放大的总体构型,在未使用大口径隔离组件的条件下,采用焦斑控制、精密准直、锥管镜面空间滤波及杂散光管理等技术措施,实现了基频光十万倍增益、10 kJ量级输出状态下的自激振荡抑制与反激光规避,在系统具备50%以上透过率的前提下确保了装置的运行安全,大大提高了装置的性价比。神光-Ⅲ主机装置的建设过程中攻克了高精度种子光源、高品质激光束的预放大、精密同步、辐射定标损伤检测、全光路精密波前校正、甚多束光路自动准直、自动化靶瞄准定位、计算机集中控制、高效谐波转换、一搁准精密安装、超精密光学加工、缺陷控制损伤阈值提升等多项光学工程技术难关,确保了装置具备优秀的技术指标性能。神光-Ⅲ主机装置打破了激光系统串行调试的规律,基于基准体系技术,通过不同束组间的错级并行,实现总体集成工作的满负荷运转,确保了装置建设的总体进度和集成效率。装置从第一个光机模块进场到基本完成集成调试,用时仅四年半,创造了又一个中国速度。在工程建设过程中以自主研发的传输放大动力学设计软件、激光泵浦动力学软件、杂散光树叉追迹软件等为基础,融合了部分光学设计商用软件,构建了覆盖光学、结构、电气、控制等多个学科的高功率激光装置数字化设计平台,基本实现了装置设计的全面数字化。工程建设过程中形成的质量、安全、进度控制体系保证了工程顺利进行。神光-Ⅲ主机装置的全面建成,标志着我国在大型激光驱动器方面的总体设计、总体集成、精密装校、加工制造、光学检测、关键技术等核心能力实现了体系化发展与成熟,面向更大规模的激光驱动器研制的光学工程体系已基本形成。     

高功率激光装置的线性传输特性

在菲涅耳数的基础上重新定义了衍射特征量,并将其定义扩展至聚焦或发散光路,定义了一个光学系统中各光学元件衍射特征量的符号。通过全新的定义和扩展,研究了波前畸变对近场调制度的影响以及正弦调频光谱色散平滑光束衍射传输引入的幅频调制的大小。以神光-Ⅲ主机主放大级为例,研究了元件波前畸变对近场调制度的影响以及正弦调频光谱色散平滑光束衍射传输引入的幅频调制的大小。衍射特征量与能流分布F相结合,可以作为评价高功率激光装置线性传输效应的一项受限指标,指导高功率激光装置的设计。     

基于节点密度的自适应EFG法拓扑优化方法研究

针对无网格法拓扑优化中设计变量庞大、计算效率低的问题,提出了基于节点密度的自适应EFG拓扑优化方法.该方法以节点相对密度为设计变量,建立了以结构柔度最小为优化目标的自适应EFG拓扑优化模型,给出了拓扑优化中自适应节点加密准则、节点加密方法和新增节点设计变量更新规则.算例结果表明,采用论文提出的自适应EFG拓扑优化方法进行结构拓扑优化时,可以减少结构分析和优化的设计变量数目,提高优化效率.     

Efficient Imine Formation by Oxidative Coupling at Low Temperature Catalyzed by High-Surface-Area Mesoporous CeO2 with Exceptional Redox Property

High-surface-area mesoporous CeO₂ (hsmCeO₂) was prepared by a facile organic-template-induced homogeneous precipitation process and showed excellent catalytic activity in imine synthesis in the absence of base from primary alcohols and amines in air atmosphere at low temperature. For comparison, ordinary CeO₂ and hsmCeO₂ after different thermal treatments were also investigated. XRD, N₂ physisorption, UV-Raman, H₂ temperature-programmed reduction, O₂ temperature-programmed desorption, EPR spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and redox properties. The hsmCeO₂ calcined at 400 °C shows the highest specific surface area (158 m² g⁻¹), the highest fraction of surface coordinatively unsaturated Ce³⁺ ions (18.2 %), and the highest concentration of reactive oxygen vacancies (2.4×10¹⁵ spins g⁻¹). In the model reaction of oxidative coupling of benzyl alcohol and aniline, such an exceptional redox property of the hsmCeO₂ catalyst can boost benzylideneaniline formation (2.75 and 5.55 mmol h⁻¹ based on >99 % yield at 60 and 80 °C, respectively) in air with no base additives. It can also work effectively at a temperature of 30 °C and in gram-scale synthesis. These are among the best results for all benchmark ceria catalysts in the literature. Moreover, the hsmCeO₂ catalyst shows a wide scope towards primary alcohols and amines with good to excellent yield of imines. The influence of reaction parameters, the reusability of the catalyst, and the reaction mechanism were investigated.     

酚酞啉在辣根过氧化酶发光检测中的应用

探讨酚酞啉对HRP(辣根过氧化酶)–Luminol–H2O2化学发光体系的增强作用。将酚酞啉加入辣根过氧化酶(HRP)–Luminol–H2O2化学发光体系,发光强度显著增强,发光持续时间达30 min以上。HRP–Luminol–H2O2化学发光体系的HRP质量浓度在5~800 pg/m L范围内与相对发光强度呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为lg I=1.07lgc+0.98,线性相关系数r=0.96,检出限为1.25 pg/m L。测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.8%~5.1%(n=10),加标回收率为93.5%~96.2%。酚酞啉可用于HRP及其相关标记物的定量分析。     

A Novel Coumarin-based Fluorescence Chemosensor for Fe^3＋

A novel coumarin derivative[7-diethylamino-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid（6-amino-pyridin2-yl）-amide,CFe1] has been synthesized and its potential application as a chemosensor for the detection of metal ions has been further investigated.The responses of CFe1 to Fe^3＋ were studied by fluorescence emission spectrometry in the presence of other metal ions such as Al^3＋,Ba^2＋,Ca^2＋,Co^3＋,Cr^3＋,Cu^2＋,Fe^2＋,Hg^2＋,Mg^2＋,Mn^2＋,Na^＋,Ni^＋,Pb^2＋,Zn^2＋,K^＋,and Ag^＋.CFe1 showed a good selectivity for Fe^3＋ with fast response,a wide pH span of 3.3-9.18,and a large Stocks shift.CFe1 in the presence of Fe^3＋ and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid（EDTA） makes the blue solution fade to colorless,which is due to the formation of CFe1-Fe^3＋ complex instead of any catalytic action of Fe^3＋.Furthermore,the imaging of Fe^3＋ in cultured single mice microglia cells was realized with the aid of CFe1,indicating that CFe1 has a great potential to be used as promising models for the future design of novel and robust chemosensor for metal ion detection in the field of biomedical and environmental analyses.