全文获取类型
收费全文 | 52511篇 |
免费 | 1315篇 |
国内免费 | 325篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 32657篇 |
晶体学 | 279篇 |
力学 | 1401篇 |
综合类 | 10篇 |
数学 | 8775篇 |
物理学 | 11029篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 351篇 |
2021年 | 658篇 |
2020年 | 697篇 |
2019年 | 622篇 |
2018年 | 670篇 |
2017年 | 644篇 |
2016年 | 1213篇 |
2015年 | 1127篇 |
2014年 | 1248篇 |
2013年 | 2350篇 |
2012年 | 2618篇 |
2011年 | 3095篇 |
2010年 | 1733篇 |
2009年 | 1554篇 |
2008年 | 2634篇 |
2007年 | 2616篇 |
2006年 | 2576篇 |
2005年 | 2848篇 |
2004年 | 2806篇 |
2003年 | 2144篇 |
2002年 | 1739篇 |
2001年 | 1047篇 |
2000年 | 957篇 |
1999年 | 736篇 |
1998年 | 663篇 |
1997年 | 713篇 |
1996年 | 751篇 |
1995年 | 669篇 |
1994年 | 695篇 |
1993年 | 669篇 |
1992年 | 637篇 |
1991年 | 581篇 |
1990年 | 491篇 |
1989年 | 482篇 |
1988年 | 438篇 |
1987年 | 392篇 |
1986年 | 417篇 |
1985年 | 584篇 |
1984年 | 579篇 |
1983年 | 494篇 |
1982年 | 532篇 |
1981年 | 495篇 |
1980年 | 505篇 |
1979年 | 419篇 |
1978年 | 476篇 |
1977年 | 412篇 |
1976年 | 356篇 |
1975年 | 302篇 |
1974年 | 329篇 |
1973年 | 287篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Prof. Dr. Peter Hess 《Chemphyschem》2022,23(6):e202100880
In the periodic table the position of each atom follows the ‘aufbau’ principle of the individual electron shells. The resulting intrinsic periodicity of atomic properties determines the overall behavior of atoms in two-dimensional (2D) bonding and structure formation. Insight into the type and strength of bonding is the key in the discovery of innovative 2D materials. The primary features of 2D bonding and the ensuing monolayer structures of the main-group II–VI elements result from the number of valence electrons and the change of atom size, which determine the type of hybridization. The results reveal the tight connection between strength of bonding and bond length in 2D networks. The predictive power of the periodic table reveals general rules of bonding, the bonding-structure relationship, and allows an assessment of published data of 2D materials. 相似文献
2.
Foundations of Computational Mathematics - We develop some aspects of the homological algebra of persistence modules, in both the one-parameter and multi-parameter settings, considered as either... 相似文献
3.
Semigroup Forum - It is well known that the set of isomorphism classes of extensions of groups with abelian kernel is characterized by the second cohomology group. In this paper we generalise this... 相似文献
4.
In a 2:2 reaction with silver(I) chloride or bromide, 1,5-bis(1-phospholano)pentane ( 1a ) afforded frame-like macrocyclic structures, with intra- ( 2 , Cl) or intermolecular ( 3 , Br) halido bridges. In contrast, 1,7-bis(1-phospholano)heptane ( 1b ) formed coordination polymers 4a (Cl) and 4b (Br) with bridging bis-phospholane and halido ligands. A unique paddle wheel-type metallacryptand structure 5 was obtained from 1a and silver(I) bromide in a 2:3 reaction (M:L). All complexes were fully characterized by NMR, IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. 相似文献
5.
Laurens Kooijman Dr. Matthias Schuster Christian Baumann Simon Jurt Dr. Frank Löhr Dr. Boris Fürtig Prof. Dr. Peter Güntert Prof. Dr. Oliver Zerbe 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(47):21151-21158
To achieve efficient proton pumping in the light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin (bR), the protein must be tightly coupled to the retinal to rapidly convert retinal isomerization into protein structural rearrangements. Methyl group dynamics of bR embedded in lipid nanodiscs were determined in the dark-adapted state, and were found to be mostly well ordered at the cytosolic side. Methyl groups in the M145A mutant of bR, which displays only 10 % residual proton pumping activity, are less well ordered, suggesting a link between side-chain dynamics on the cytosolic side of the bR cavity and proton pumping activity. In addition, slow conformational exchange, attributed to low frequency motions of aromatic rings, was indirectly observed for residues on the extracellular side of the bR cavity. This may be related to reorganization of the water network. These observations provide a detailed picture of previously undescribed equilibrium dynamics on different time scales for ground-state bR. 相似文献
6.
Paired single residue‐transposed Lys‐N and Lys‐C digestions for label‐free identification of N‐terminal and C‐terminal MS/MS peptide product ions: ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry for peptide de novo sequencing
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
7.
Dr. Antonio M. Rodríguez Dr. Pilar Prieto Prof. Antonio de la Hoz Prof. Ángel Díaz-Ortiz D. Raúl Martín Prof. José I. García 《ChemistryOpen》2015,4(3):308-317
The aim of this work was to determine the parameters that have decisive roles in microwave-assisted reactions and to develop a model, using computational chemistry, to predict a priori the type of reactions that can be improved under microwaves. For this purpose, a computational study was carried out on a variety of reactions, which have been reported to be improved under microwave irradiation. This comprises six types of reactions. The outcomes obtained in this study indicate that the most influential parameters are activation energy, enthalpy, and the polarity of all the species that participate. In addition to this, in most cases, slower reacting systems observe a much greater improvement under microwave irradiation. Furthermore, for these reactions, the presence of a polar component in the reaction (solvent, reagent, susceptor, etc.) is necessary for strong coupling with the electromagnetic radiation. We also quantified that an activation energy of 20–30 kcal mol−1 and a polarity (μ) between 7–20 D of the species involved in the process is required to obtain significant improvements under microwave irradiation. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
Herein, we report an addition to the toolbox for the monitoring and quantification of the hydrolytic decay of pentose-1-phosphates, which are known to be elusive and difficult to quantify. This communication describes how apparent equilibrium shifts of a nucleoside phosphorolysis reaction can be employed to calculate hydrolytic loss of pentose-1-phosphates based on the measurement of post-hydrolysis equilibrium concentrations of a nucleoside and a nucleobase. To demonstrate this approach, we assessed the stability of the relatively stable ribose-1-phosphate at 98 °C and found half-lives of 1.8–11.7 h depending on the medium pH. This approach can be extended to other sugar phosphates and related reaction systems to quantify the stability of UV-inactive and hard-to-detect reaction products and intermediates. 相似文献