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1.
The deposition of PbO2 on platinum and glassy carbon electrodes was investigated experimentally. The comparison of the different behaviour on the two types of electrodes is presented. The effects of variation of temperature, potential, nucleation order and induction time-lags on the electrocrystallisation process are discussed.The present investigations have confirmed that electrocrystallisation of PbO2 occurs through 3-D nucleation and growth on glassy carbon and most probably also on platinum. The data on platinum contains considerable noise from simultaneous chemical processes and is not amenable for analysis in a simple way. The steady state behaviour is unusual because it has generally been assumed that charge transfer is rate determining under most conditions. However, as shown here, if lattice incorporation is slow even at the steady state, it provides a method for separating the activation energies associated with the nucleation and growth rate constants. Finally, the dissolution of PbO2 into the platinum substrate and its implication on transient rates merits more attention. In this context the Pt-PbO2 system is probably not a good choice because of the large contribution of substrate oxidation to the measured transient rates. 相似文献
2.
Kanungo M Srivastava DN Kumar A Contractor AQ 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2002,(7):680-681
A conductimetric reagentless immunosensor using the biospecific binding pair of goat antirabbit IgG and rabbit IgG has been designed and fabricated using poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as the immobilization matrix-cumtransducer. 相似文献
3.
Krishnamoorthy K Gokhale RS Contractor AQ Kumar A 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2004,(7):820-821
We report on the design and development of a novel label-free DNA sensor based on conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) for the direct detection and quantification of target ssDNA. 相似文献
4.
Muhammad Ejaz Bhanukiran Sunkara Lakhinder Kamboj Jibao He Vijay T. John Noshir S. Pesika Scott M. Grayson 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(15):3314-3322
An efficient and novel one‐pot process is developed to immobilize the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiators onto the surface of fully pyrolyzed carbon hard spheres (CHSs) via a radical trapping process from the in situ thermal decomposition of bis(bromomethylbenzoyl)peroxide. The CHSs do not require any additional preparative treatment prior to the initiator immobilization. Styrene and methyl methacrylate are polymerized onto initiator‐immobilized CHSs by surface‐initiated atomic transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP). Samples are characterized using Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. These methods of characterization confirmed that all the CHSs are coated with a uniform layer of grafted polymer. This efficient, one‐pot immobilization of ATRP‐initiators represents an exceptionally simple route for the rapid preparation of various polymer‐coated carbon‐based nanomaterials using SI‐ATRP. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3314–3322 相似文献
5.
The present studies have shown that at θS<0.9, the species adsorbed on platinum from SO2 solutions are virtually identical with those obtained from H2S solutions. The layer at θS>0.9 can be explained by the formation of a partial bilayer on top of the first layer wherein 70% of the sites are covered with S (2-site adsorption) and 30% with S (1-site adsorption). It has also been shown that the ‘difficultly reducible’ oxygen referred to by earlier workers is identical with the species formed by exposure of the electrode to SO2 at potentials above 0.2 V. Evidence for the presence of two forms of ‘difficultly reducible’ oxygen, corresponding to the two forms of chemisorbed sulfur, is presented. 相似文献
6.
Pesika NS Stebe KJ Searson PC 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2006,22(8):3474-3476
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols can undergo reductive desorption and oxidative re-adsorption. The Coulombic efficiency of the oxidative re-adsorption reaction is dependent on the chain length and solution pH. We show that the loss of alkanethiols from the surface after reductive desorption can be explained by a simple model that takes into account diffusion of the thiolate into the bulk solution at a rate that is determined by the bulk solubility. These results provide a quantitative basis for the determination of the loss of alkanethiols from the surface after reductive desorption. 相似文献
7.
A study has been made of the effect of preadsorbed sulfur layer on the anodic oxidation of formic acid at a platinized platinum electrode. It is shown that, in the presence of the preadsorbed s sulfur layer, the oxidation process obeys the following rate expression,i=nFkcαg(θs) exp(αanF?r/RT)where α≈0.75 and αan≈0.5. This is explained in terms of the following rate-determining step, and involves the adsorption of formic acid on the sulfur-covered electrode surface. A strong catalytic effect of the sulfur layer is observed; the function g(θS) is greater than unity at all θS and exhibits two maxima at гS values of 0.3 and 0.6. It is suggested that these effects arise from a coverage-dependent variation of bond strength between adsorbed sulfur and platinum. Evidence is adduced that the adsorption of sulfur from H2S solutions involves 2-site adsorption at low coverages and 1-site adsorption at higher coverages. Possibility of multilayer adsorption under appropriate conditions is also discussed in the light of the results obtained. 相似文献
8.
Pesika NS Fan F Searson PC Stebe KJ 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2005,127(34):11960-11962
Patterned SAMs of alkanethiols on gold or silver are explored as resists for electrodeposition and exhibit surprisingly rich behavior depending on the overpotential and the length of the alkane chain. At small overpotentials, SAMs are positive resists with deposition only in the surfactant-free regions. At larger overpotentials, SAMs are negative resists with preferential deposition in the SAM-modified regions. Tunable surfactant-based resists are potentially versatile tools to dictate the deposition of materials and are demonstrated as a means of creating complex, three-dimensional structures. 相似文献
9.
The effect of temperature on the potentiodynamic oxidation of adsorbed sulfur layers on platinum, obtained from H2S or SO2 was studied. The broad oxidation peak at 1.2–1.3 V observed at room temperature is resolved at 80°C. Two distinct peaks are observed at 80°C, oxidation peak I (at 0.97 V) corresponding to the weakly bound sulfur and oxidation peak II (at 1.10 V) corresponding to the strongly bound sulfur. Evidence is adduced to show that these two forms of chemisorbed sulfur are distinguished by the number of platinum sites they occupy. At elevated temperatures an extension of the hydrogen region was observed during cathodic charging in the presence of adsorbed sulfur. This phenomenon was found to be reversible with respect to temperature and does not correspond to a desorption of sulfur. 相似文献
10.
Sorab R. Contractor Michael B. Hursthouse Harold G. Parkes Leylacaron S. Shaw Robert A. Shaw Hamza Yilmaz 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(1-3):149-152
Abstract Mono-(N3P3Cl4Y2), bis-(N3P3Cl2Y4) and tris-spiro derivatives (N3P3Y6) have been prepared with ethylene, 1, 3-propylene and 1,4-butylene glycols (Y2 = glycol residue). The 1H NMR spectra of mono- and tris-derivatives are relatively simple; those of the bis- very complex due to the intrinsic asymmetry of the methylene protons. This effect is made use of in studying the replacement pattern of N3P3Cl4 [O (CH2)3O] with primary and secondary amines. Homonuclear 1H decoupling simplifies the spectra and allows an unambiguous distinction to be made between the different isomeric possibilities of the bis amino derivatives N3P3Cl2R2 [O(CH2)3O] where R = amino residue. Primary amines give geminal, secondary amines nongeminal trans-derivatives. The trans-structure of the bis-pyrrolidino derivative has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. 相似文献