Bounds for the perimeter of an ellipse

In this paper, we present several bounds for the perimeter of an ellipse, which improve some well-known results.     

A Caputo–Fabrizio Fractional-Order Model of HIV/AIDS with a Treatment Compartment: Sensitivity Analysis and Optimal Control Strategies

Although most of the early research studies on fractional-order systems were based on the Caputo or Riemann–Liouville fractional-order derivatives, it has recently been proven that these methods have some drawbacks. For instance, kernels of these methods have a singularity that occurs at the endpoint of an interval of definition. Thus, to overcome this issue, several new definitions of fractional derivatives have been introduced. The Caputo–Fabrizio fractional order is one of these nonsingular definitions. This paper is concerned with the analyses and design of an optimal control strategy for a Caputo–Fabrizio fractional-order model of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The Caputo–Fabrizio fractional-order model of HIV/AIDS is considered to prevent the singularity problem, which is a real concern in the modeling of real-world systems and phenomena. Firstly, in order to find out how the population of each compartment can be controlled, sensitivity analyses were conducted. Based on the sensitivity analyses, the most effective agents in disease transmission and prevalence were selected as control inputs. In this way, a modified Caputo–Fabrizio fractional-order model of the HIV/AIDS epidemic is proposed. By changing the contact rate of susceptible and infectious people, the atraumatic restorative treatment rate of the treated compartment individuals, and the sexual habits of susceptible people, optimal control was designed. Lastly, simulation results that demonstrate the appropriate performance of the Caputo–Fabrizio fractional-order model and proposed control scheme are illustrated.     

Inequalities and infinite product formula for Ramanujan generalized modular equation function

We present several inequalities for the Ramanujan generalized modular equation function \(\mu _{a}(r)=\pi F(a,1-a;1;1-r^2)/\) \([2\sin (\pi a)F(a,1-a;1;r^2)]\) with \(a\in (0,1/2]\) and \(r\in (0,1)\), and provide an infinite product formula for \(\mu _{1/4}(r)\), where \(F(a,b;c;x)={}_{2}F_{1}(a,b;c;x)\) is the Gaussian hypergeometric function.     

On the approximation of some special functions in Ramanujan’s generalized modular equation with signature 3 $$^{*}$$ ∗

The Ramanujan Journal - In this work we investigate the heat kernel of the Laplace–Beltrami operator on a rectangular torus and the according temperature distribution. We compute the minimum...     

An optimal double inequality between geometric and identric means

We find the greatest value p and least value q in (0,1/2) such that the double inequality G(pa+(1−p)b,pb+(1−p)a)<I(a,b)<G(qa+(1−q)b,qb+(1−q)a) holds for all a,b>0 with a≠b. Here, G(a,b), and I(a,b) denote the geometric, and identric means of two positive numbers a and b, respectively.     

一类不确定性非线性系统的状态反馈鲁棒自适应控制器的设计与分析

该文考虑一类具有一般不确定性和部分参数未知的非线性系统（1），设计出一种用于跟踪参考信号的状态反馈鲁棒自适应控制器，此控制器对系统参数和状态的不确定性具有鲁棒性，能保证闭环系 统的全局稳定性，并解决了ε 跟踪问题. 仿真结果表明，所设计的鲁棒自适应控制系统具有良好的跟踪性能， 而且控制量在容许控制的范围之内.     

Convexity of the complete elliptic integrals of the first kind with respect to Hölder means

In this paper, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the convexity of the complete elliptic integrals of the first kind with respect to Hölder means.