Violation of KNO scaling and the NBD phenomenon in the framework of the statistical bootstrap model

The connection is considered of multiplicity distributions in three stages: partonic, hadronization, and hadronic. An interpretation of the LoPHD parameter is found. It is shown that under specific hypotheses on the form of the mass spectrum, the statistical bootstrap model leads to the negative binomial distribution (NBD) at the hadronic stage of development of the multiple production process with specific analytic dependences of the parameters of the NBD.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 28–32, May, 1991.One of the authors (V. I. Kuvshinov) is thankful to R. Hagedorn and G. Burgers for numerous discussions.     

Plasma-Chemical Conversion of Lower Alkanes with Stimulated Condensation of Incomplete Oxidation Products

Oxidative conversion of a mixture of natural gas and oxygen in a barrier-discharge plasma-chemical reaction was investigated experimentally. The process was conducted at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The discharge was initiated by high-voltage pulses of 50–100 s duration at a repetition frequency of up to 2 kHz. The principal feature of the process was that in the plasma-chemical reactor conditions were created which stimulated the condensation of the products of incomplete oxidation of methane that resulted in the formation of aerosol even from nonsaturated vapor. The removal of intermediate reagents from the gaseous phases into the aerosol prevented them from further oxidation. Depending on the experimental conditions, the mass percentage of the components of the condensate formed varied within the following limits: formic acid from 20 to 40%, methanol from 8 to 15%, methylformate from 4 to 8%, and water from 40 to 60%. The conversion process has been realized on a laboratory setup of average power up to 1 kW. In the single-pass mode, a 57% degree of conversion of the mixture has been achieved. The energy value of the condensate is 15–20 kWh/kg.     

Stability of Yang-Mills fields system in the homogeneous (anti)self-dual background field

Stability of Yang-Mills fields system in the background field is investigated based on the Toda criterion, Poincare sections, and the values of the maximal Lyapunov exponents. The existence of the region of regular motion at low densities of energy is demonstrated. Critical energy density of the order-chaos transition is analyzed for different values of the model parameter. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Planned Destruction of Metal-Core Reactor: Simulation of Catastrophic Accidents and New Experimental Possibilities

A reactor with a destructible core (RIR reactor) generating a pulse with an output of ~1.5 × 10¹⁹ fissions and a full width at half maximum of ~2.5 μs was developed and tested at VNIIEF. In the course of investigation, a computational-experimental method for laboratory calibration of the reactor was created and worked out. This method ensures a high accuracy of predicting the energy release in a real experiment with excess reactivity of ~3β_eff above prompt criticality. A transportable explosion-proof chamber was also developed, which ensures the safe localization of explosion products of the core of small-sized nuclear devices and charges of high explosives with equivalent mass of up to 100 kg of TNT.     

Synthesis of 4,6-dinitro-2-trihalogenomethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furans

A method for the synthesis of previously unknown 4,6-dinitro-2-trihalogenomethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furans has been elaborated. The method is based on condensation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene with fluoral or chloral in the presence of K₂CO₃ with subsequent intramolecular cyclization of the resulting 2-picryl-1-(trihalogenomethyl)ethanols. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 569–570, March, 2000.     

Sorption and Selective Properties of Diatomite Adsorbents for Gas Chromatography,Modified by a Cu(II) Complex of a Camphor-Substituted Tetrapyrasinoporphyrazine

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - Modified adsorbents for gas chromatography were prepared using a Cu(II) complex of a camphorsabstituted tetrapyrasinoporphyrazine. The thermal stability of...     

Effect of pressure on the production of hydrogen and nanofilamentous carbon by the catalytic pyrolysis of methane on Ni-containing catalysts

An experimental study of the production of hydrogen and nanofilamentous carbon (NFC) by methane pyrolysis on Ni- and Ni + Cu-containing catalysts at 675°C and pressures of up to 5 atm is reported. As the pressure and the copper content of the catalyst are increased, the stable service life of the catalyst and the hydrogen and NFC yield per unit weight of the catalyst, as well as the specific surface area and micropore volume of the resulting NFC, increase markedly.