An inverse problem for infinitely divisible moving average random fields

Statistical Inference for Stochastic Processes - Given a low frequency sample of an infinitely divisible moving average random field $$\{\int _{\mathbb {R}^d} f(x-t)\varLambda (dx); \ t \in \mathbb...     

Fluorinated Azobenzenes Switchable with Red Light

Molecular photoswitches triggered with red or NIR light are optimal for photomodulation of complex biological systems, including efficient penetration of the human body for therapeutic purposes (“therapeutic window”). Yet, they are rarely reported, and even more rarely functional under aqueous conditions. In this work, fluorinated azobenzenes are shown to exhibit efficient E→Z photoisomerization with red light (PSS_660nm >75 % Z) upon conjugation with unsaturated substituents. Initially demonstrated for aldehyde groups, this effect was also observed in a more complex structure by incorporating the chromophore into a cyclic dipeptide with propensity for self-assembly. Under physiological conditions, the latter molecule formed a supramolecular material that reversibly changed its viscosity upon irradiation with red light. Our observation can lead to design of new photopharmacology agents or phototriggered materials for in vivo use.     

A Lorentz force flow meter for application at blast furnaces: design and calibration

A reference Lorentz force flow meter (LFF) has been developed to measure molten steel mass flow at the end of the runner of an experimental blast furnace. It works according to the principles of Lorentz force velocimetry [1] in which a static magnetic field interacts with a liquid metal stream. The magnetic field lines are generated by an arrangement of permanent magnets and penetrate the entire cross-section of the flow generating eddy currents and a total Lorentz force inside the melt. This force is proportional to the mass flow of the liquid metal and owing Newton's third law, there is a counter force of the same magnitude acting on the magnet system which is connected to a load cell. For accurate flow rate measurements, a “dry and wet calibration” of the LFF needs to be performed [2]. (© 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

High-productivity continuous biofilm reactor for butanol production

Corn steep liquor (CSL), a byproduct of the corn wet-milling process, was used in an immobilized cell continuous biofilm reactor to replace the expensive P2 medium ingredients. The use of CSL resulted in the production of 6.29 g/L of total acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) as compared with 6.86 g/L in a control experiment. These studies were performed at a dilution rate of 0.32 h⁻¹. The productivities in the control and CSL experiment were 2.19 and 2.01 g/(L·h), respectively. Although the use of CSL resulted in a 10% decrease in productivity, it is viewed that its application would be economical compared to P2 medium. Hence, CSL may be used to replace the P2 medium. It was also demonstrated that inclusion of butyrate into the feed was beneficial to the butanol fermentation. A control experiment produced 4.77 g/L of total ABE, and the experiment with supplemented sodium butyrate produced 5.70 g/L of total ABE. The butanol concentration increased from 3.14 to 4.04 g/L. Inclusion of acetate in the feed medium of the immobilized cell biofilm reactor was not found to be beneficial for the ABE fermentation, as reported for the batch ABE fermentation. Names are necessary to report factually on available data. However, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the names by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable.     

Geometrische Methoden zur Gewinnung von A-Priori-Schranken für harmonische Abbildungen

In this paper, we prove a-priori estimates for harmonic mappings between Riemannian manifolds which solve a Dirichlet problem. These estimates employ geometrical methods and depend only on geometric quantities, namely curvature bounds, injectivity radii, and dimensions. An essential tool is the introduction of almost linear functions on Riemannian manifolds. Furthermore, we show the existence of almost linear and harmonic coordinates on fixed (curvature controlled) balls. These coordinates possess better regularity properties than Riemannian normal coordinates.

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Die Autoren wurden bei der Anfertigung dieser Arbeit von den Sonderforschungsbereichen 72 und 40 der Universität Bonn unterstützt