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排序方式: 共有103条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
This paper reports the results of the third part of a field study of human responses to traffic noise. The influence of traffic noise level, community size, and socio-economic status were investigated in a controlled manner determined by subject selection procedures. Human responses were obtained from interviewer administered questionnaires, and were as spatially and temporally coincident with the noise measurements as possible. Noise measurements were obtained from several days of rapidly sampled digital recordings. Traffic noise level was the major predictor of the intensity of elicited responses. A number of other significant effects were observed largely related to community size. These were explained as due to parallel variations in the perceived necessity of vehicles, the annoyance with aircraft noise, and the logarithm of the vehicle flow rate. The results did demonstrate effects related to community size, and thus it is unwise to extrapolate the results of large city noise studies to small communities and rural areas. 相似文献
2.
Rate constants for the reaction OH + CO have been measured as functions of temperature (340–1220 K) and water concentration in the presence of 1 atm of argon. Results at zero water concentration yield the expression, log k? (cm3 molecule?1 S?1) = ?12.96 + 4.7 × 10?4 T, for the reaction rate constant as a function of temperature. These results are in very good agreement with previous direct measurements and in reasonable agreement with flame and shock tube measurements. Explanations are offered for the involvement of the water molecule in the present experiments and earlier measurements from this laboratory throughout the entire temperature range. Results are consistent with previous results showing little, if any, pressure effect of Ar on the reaction up to 1 atm of Ar. 相似文献
3.
P. Blasiak A. Horzela K.A. Penson A.I. Solomon 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》2004,54(11):1179-1184
We solve the normal ordering problem for (A
A)
n
where A and A
are one mode deformed ([A,A
] = [N+1] – [N]) bosonic ladder operators. The solution generalizes results known for canonical bosons. It involves combinatorial polynomials in the number operator N for which the generating function and explicit expressions are found. Simple deformations provide examples of the method. 相似文献
4.
The Boson Normal Ordering Problem and Generalized Bell Numbers 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
For any function F(x) having a Taylor expansion we solve the boson
normal ordering problem for $F [(a^\dag)^r a^s]$, with r, s positive integers,
$F [(a, a^\dag]=1$, i.e., we provide exact and explicit
expressions for its normal form $\mathcal{N} \{F [(a^\dag)^r a^s]\} = F [(a^\dag)^r a^s]$, where
in $ \mathcal{N} (F) $ all a's are to the
right. The solution involves integer sequences of numbers which, for $ r, s \geq 1 $, are
generalizations of the conventional Bell and Stirling numbers whose values they assume for $ r=s=1 $. A complete
theory of such generalized combinatorial numbers is given including closed-form expressions
(extended Dobinski-type formulas), recursion relations and generating functions. These last are
special expectation values in boson coherent states.AMS Subject Classification: 81R05, 81R15, 81R30, 47N50. 相似文献
5.
A common source of error in particle image velocimetry (PIV) is the presence of bright spots within the images. These bright
spots are characterized by grayscale intensities much greater than the mean intensity of the image and are typically generated
by intense scattering from seed particles. The displacement of bright spots can dominate the cross-correlation calculation
within an interrogation window, and may thereby bias the resulting velocity vector. An efficient and easy-to-implement image-enhancement
procedure is described to improve PIV results when bright spots are present. The procedure, called Intensity Capping, imposes
a user-specified upper limit to the grayscale intensity of the images. The displacement calculation then better represents
the displacement of all particles in an interrogation window and the bias due to bright spots is reduced. Four PIV codes and a large set of experimental
and simulated images were used to evaluate the performance of Intensity Capping. The results indicate that Intensity Capping
can significantly increase the number of valid vectors from experimental image pairs and reduce displacement error in the
analysis of simulated images. A comparison with other PIV image-enhancement techniques shows that Intensity Capping offers
competitive performance, low computational cost, ease of implementation, and minimal modification to the images. 相似文献
6.
7.
Alperovich I Smolentsev G Moonshiram D Jurss JW Concepcion JJ Meyer TJ Soldatov A Pushkar Y 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2011,133(39):15786-15794
L(2,3)-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has demonstrated unique capabilities for the analysis of the electronic structure of di-Ru complexes such as the blue dimer cis,cis-[Ru(III)(2)O(H(2)O)(2)(bpy)(4)](4+) water oxidation catalyst. Spectra of the blue dimer and the monomeric [Ru(NH(3))(6)](3+) model complex show considerably different splitting of the Ru L(2,3) absorption edge, which reflects changes in the relative energies of the Ru 4d orbitals caused by hybridization with a bridging ligand and spin-orbit coupling effects. To aid the interpretation of spectroscopic data, we developed a new approach, which computes L(2,3)-edges XAS spectra as dipole transitions between molecular spinors of 4d transition metal complexes. This allows for careful inclusion of the spin-orbit coupling effects and the hybridization of the Ru 4d and ligand orbitals. The obtained theoretical Ru L(2,3)-edge spectra are in close agreement with experiment. Critically, existing single-electron methods (FEFF, FDMNES) broadly used to simulate XAS could not reproduce the experimental Ru L-edge spectra for the [Ru(NH(3))(6)](3+) model complex nor for the blue dimer, while charge transfer multiplet (CTM) calculations were not applicable due to the complexity and low symmetry of the blue dimer water oxidation catalyst. We demonstrated that L-edge spectroscopy is informative for analysis of bridging metal complexes. The developed computational approach enhances L-edge spectroscopy as a tool for analysis of the electronic structures of complexes, materials, catalysts, and reactive intermediates with 4d transition metals. 相似文献
8.
P. Blasiak A. Gawron A. Horzela K. A. Penson A. I. Solomon 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》2005,55(11):1335-1341
We present a combinatorial method of constructing solutions to the normal ordering of boson operators. Generalizations of
standard combinatorial notions — the Stirling and Bell numbers, Bell polynomials and Dobinski relations — lead to calculational
tools, which allow to find explicitly normally ordered forms for a large class of operator functions.
Presented at the International Colloquium “Integrable Systems and Quantum Symmetries”, Prague, 16–18 June 2005. 相似文献
9.
P. Blasiak A. Gawron A. Horzela K. A. Penson A. I. Solomon 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》2006,56(10-11):1093-1098
We introduce a generalization of the Dobiński relation, through which we define a family of Bell-type numbers and polynomials. Such generalized Dobiński relations are coherent state matrix elements of expressions involving boson ladder operators. This may be used in order to obtain normally ordered forms of polynomials in creation and annihilation operators, both if the latter satisfy canonical and deformed commutation relations. 相似文献
10.
Jonah J. Chang 《Tetrahedron letters》2006,47(21):3599-3601
Synthetic hydroxydienone precursors to spiroleucettadine and to an isomer thereof resist cyclization to the orthoamide-type functionality present in the proposed structure of the natural product. 相似文献