Characterizations of Certain Congruences on Orthodox Semigroups

In this paper, we intrnduce the notation pmin,pmin p^min and p^min, by which we describe the trace classes and the kernel classes of general congruence p on orthodox semigronps.Then we have given and proved some equivalent characterizations of special congruences by mean of kernels and traces. On the basis of above-mentioned congruences, we further investigate theirrelations. Some results shout congruences on iverse semigroups are generalized to orthodox semigroups.