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1.
Using spatially modulated illumination (SMI) light microscopy it is possible to measure the sizes of fluorescent structures that have an extension far below the conventional optical resolution limit (“subresolution size”). Presently, the sizes are determined as the object extension along the optical axis of the SMI microscope. For this, however, “a priori” assumptions on the fluorochrome distribution (“shape”) within the examined fluorescent structure have to be made. Usually it is assumed that the fluorochrome follows a Gauss-distribution or a spherical distribution. In this report we overcome the necessity to make an assumption on the shape of the fluorochrome distribution. We introduce two new experimentally obtained parameters which allow the determination of a shape measure to describe the spatial distribution of the fluorescent dye. This becomes possible by independent measurements with different excitation wavelengths. As an example, we present shape parameter measurements on individual fluorescent microspheres with a nominal geometrical diameter (“size”) of 190 nm. In the case investigated, the experimental shape correlated well with a homogeneous fluorochrome distribution (“spherical shape”) but not with a variety of other “shapes”. 相似文献
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D.L. Hildenbrand 《Chemical physics letters》1975,32(3):523-526
The gaseous equilibrium S + CF2 = SF + CF was studied over the temperature range 1851 to 2232 K by mass spectrometry, and the derived enthalpy change was used to evaluate the heat of formation of CF ΔH298 = 58.0 ± 2.4 kcal/mol (2.52 ± 0.10 eV), and the dissociation energy D00 (CF) = 130.8 ± 2.4 kcal/mol (5.67 ± 0.10 eV). The new thermochemical data indicate a slightly higher stability for CF than earlier determinations. Direct measurement by electron impact yielded a value of 9.17 ± 0.10 eV for the vertical ionization potential of CF, in agreement with an indirect result obtained from the photodissociative ionization of C2F4. 相似文献
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The determination of double bonds in PVC is achieved with an increased accuracy in comparison with earlier methods by the addition of iodine monochloride (Wijs reaction) to PVC coupled with x-ray fluorescence analysis to determine the iodine content of the polymer. The number of double bonds per unit weight of polymer increases on increasing the polymerization temperature and is proportional to the number of polymer molecules. It is not affected, however, by the presence of the chain transfer agent tetrahydrofuran (THF). At the technically important polymerization temperatures of 30 to 80°C and in the absence of the chain transfer agent, 0.9 double bonds per polymer molecule are found. The number of double bonds per polymer molecule is lowered using the chain transfer agent THF. These results support the theory that the chain transfer to monomer and possibly the termination reaction are coupled with the formation of terminal double bonds. Contributions by internal double bonds formed by dehydrochlorination of the polymer during polymerization are excluded by investigating the Clθ content of the water phase in the oxygen-free VC suspension polymerization. No hydrogen chloride is formed. In IR spectra of PVC, the stretching vibration of the double bonds is detected at 1667 cm?1 by the correlation of the double bond contents and the intensities of the absorption bands. The stretching vibration at 1667 cm?1is in accordance with those of model compounds with a 1-chloro-2-alkene structure. 相似文献
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Werner Hildenbrand 《Probability Theory and Related Fields》1966,4(4):269-292
Ohne ZusammenfassungDer Autor dankt Herrn Professor Dr. K. krickeberg für die Anregung zu dieser Arbeit und für die Unterstützung wÄhrend der Durchführung. 相似文献
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Reisdorf W Andronic A Gobbi A Hartmann ON Herrmann N Hildenbrand KD Kim YJ Kirejczyk M Koczoń P Kress T Leifels Y Schüttauf A Tymiński Z Xiao ZG Alard JP Barret V Basrak Z Bastid N Benabderrahmane ML Caplar R Crochet P Dupieux P Dzelalija M Fodor Z Grishkin Y Hong B Kecskemeti J Korolija M Kotte R Lebedev A Lopez X Merschmeyer M Mösner J Neubert W Pelte D Petrovici M Rami F de Schauenburg B Seres Z Sikora B Sim KS Simion V Siwek-Wilczyńska K Smolyankin V Stockmeier M Stoicea G Wagner P 《Physical review letters》2004,92(23):232301
We present a complete systematics (excitation functions and system-size dependences) of global stopping and side flow for heavy ion reactions in the energy range between 0.09A and 1.93A GeV. For the heaviest system, Au+Au, we observe a plateau of maximal stopping extending from about 0.2A to 0.8A GeV with a fast drop on both sides. The degree of stopping, which is shown to remain significantly below the expectations of a full stopping scenario, is found to be highly correlated to the amount of side flow. 相似文献
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J. Nitsche K. Kirchgässner H. v. Falkenhausen V. Kurotschka W. Hildenbrand 《Mathematical Methods of Operations Research》1966,10(2):124-128
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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A. Gamp P. Braun-Munzinger C. K. Gelbke H. L. Harney H. O. Bohlen W. Bohn K. D. Hildenbrand J. Kuzminski W. Von Oertzen I. Tserruya 《Nuclear Physics A》1975,250(2):341-350
Elastic scattering and one-nucleon transfer reactions induced by 16O have been investigated in the energy region 45–60 MeV on targets of 26Mg, 27Al, 30Si and 48Ca. Angular distributions were measured in the angular range 4°–40°. Optical model parameters were derived from the elastic scattering data and the transfer reaction data were analysed using both no-recoil and full-recoil DWBA codes. In the case of proton transfer reactions on 48Ca, good agreement was obtained between the data and the DWBA calculations while the data for the lighter targets could not be satisfactorily reproduced. The oscillatory pattern of the angular distributions is discussed in terms of the three-parameter model of Kahana, and it is found that the model qualitatively explains the observed transition from smooth to oscillatory angular distributions. 相似文献