Effect of Ga-As (904nm) and He-Ne (632.8 nm) laser on injury potential of skin full-thickness wound

Injury potential may have a triggering biological role in wound healing. In this study, the effect of photostimulation to promote wound healing and its effect on injury potential was investigated using the Ga-As and He-Ne lasers. In this study, 30 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control and two laser groups, He-Ne and Ga-As laser. A 2.5 cm craniocaudal full-thickness skin incision was made on each animal's dorsal region. Differential skin surface potential was measured before and immediately after the injury and also up to the 21st day, every other day. Wound surface area was also measured. Immediately after injury, wound potential significantly increased in all three groups. Maximum positive peak of injury potential was greater in Ga-As group compared to He-Ne laser and control groups (P<0.05) and lasting period of maximum positive potential in two laser groups was longer than that in the control group. There were no significant differences between the mean potential of before wounding and after the 15th, 17th, and 19th day in Ga-As, He-Ne, and control group, respectively (P>0.05). On the other hand, Ga-As and He-Ne laser facilitated the normal distribution of skin potential after wounding. These findings demonstrate that Ga-As laser may be more effective on wound closure and on returning the injury potential to normal level than the He-Ne laser.     

Exact and approximation product solutions form of heat equation with nonlocal boundary conditions using Ritz–Galerkin method with Bernoulli polynomials basis

In this article, a new method is introduced for finding the exact solution of the product form of parabolic equation with nonlocal boundary conditions. Approximation solution of the present problem is implemented by the Ritz–Galerkin method in Bernoulli polynomials basis. The properties of Bernoulli polynomials are first presented, then Ritz–Galerkin method in Bernoulli polynomials is used to reduce the given differential equation to the solution of algebraic equations. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the techniques presented in this article for finding the exact and approximation solutions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 1143–1158, 2017     

Cotton fabric incorporated with β-cyclodextrin/ketoconazole/Ag NPs generating outstanding antifungal and antibacterial performances

Cellulose - The influence of ketoconazole and β-CD/ketoconazole on cotton fabric as fungal skincare was previously reported however the impact of nanosilver on the antifungal and antibacterial...     

Surface roughness analysis and magnetic property studies of nickel thin films electrodeposited onto rotating disc electrodes

Ni films were electrodeposited onto polycrystalline gold substrates mounted on a rotating disc electrode. The effects of rotation speed, film thickness and current density on the kinetic roughening and magnetic properties of the films were investigated. The film surface roughness was imaged using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The results indicate that the film roughness increases as the film thickness or deposition current density increases. We found that the electrodeposited Ni films exhibit anomalous scaling since both local and large-scale roughnesses show a power-law dependence on the film thickness. The effect of electrode rotation speed on the film surface roughness was also investigated. Scanning electron microscopy studies (SEM) had a good agreement with the AFM results. The average crystalline size of the film surfaces is also calculated from X-ray line broadening using (220) peak and Debye–Scherrer formula. The obtained results agree with that of AFM and SEM. The Ni thin films which are grown at different deposition current densities and rotation speeds exhibit in-plane magnetization with coercivities less than 110 Oe.     

Effect of liposome composition on β-blocker interactions studied by capillary electrokinetic chromatography

Liposome capillary electrokinetic chromatography was used to investigate the interactions between three β-blockers of different hydrophobicity and various liposome solutions. The studied β-blockers comprised alprenolol, propranolol, and carvedilol. The composition of the liposome solutions, containing 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phos-phoethanolamine, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l -serine, and cholesterol in various molar ratios, was designed by a response surface methodology-central composite design approach. Subsequently, after conducting the liposome capillary electrokinetic chromatography experiments and determining the retention factors from the electrophoretic mobilities of the compounds, and further calculating the distribution coefficients, an analysis of variance was performed. After extracting the statistical models, optimal operational conditions were obtained based on the developed models. To further investigate the interactions between the β-blockers and the liposomes, nanoplasmonic sensing experiments were carried out on two different liposome systems. The overall results demonstrate the strong influence of cholesterol and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l -serine on the distribution coefficients.     

Beam propagation analysis of a multi beam FSO system with partially flat-topped laser beams in turbulent atmosphere

In this paper, the propagation properties of partially coherent flat-topped (PCFT) laser beams in multi-beam FSO communication links are analyzed. Analytical expressions for the average intensity and beam width of PCFT multi beams are derived based on extended Huygens–Fresnel principle by considering the effects of turbulent atmosphere. Also power in bucket (PIB) is calculated numerically based on analytical expression of average intensity. It is revealed that PCFT multi beams can be converted into a Gaussian beam after sufficiently large propagation distance. It is found that correlation length, order of flatness and beams’ separation distances in the source plane have strong effects on minimum distance required for this conversion as well as beam width and PIB. Obtained results are confirmed and illustrated with numerical examples and resulted graphs.     

Interaction of a relativistic dense electron beam with a laser wiggler in a vacuum: self‐field effects on the electron orbits and free‐electron laser gain

Employing laser wigglers and accelerators provides the potential to dramatically cut the size and cost of X‐ray light sources. Owing to recent technological developments in the production of high‐brilliance electron beams and high‐power laser pulses, it is now conceivable to make steps toward the practical realisation of laser‐pumped X‐ray free‐electron lasers (FELs). In this regard, here the head‐on collision of a relativistic dense electron beam with a linearly polarized laser pulse as a wiggler is studied, in which the laser wiggler can be realised using a conventional quantum laser. In addition, an external guide magnetic field is employed to confine the electron beam against self‐fields, therefore improving the FEL operation. Conditions allowing such an operating regime are presented and its relevant validity checked using a set of general scaling formulae. Rigorous analytical solutions of the dynamic equations are provided. These solutions are verified by performing calculations using the derived solutions and well known Runge–Kutta procedure to simulate the electron trajectories. The effects of self‐fields on the FEL gain in this configuration are estimated. Numerical calculations indicate that in the presence of self‐fields the sensitivity of the gain increases in the vicinity of resonance regions. Besides, diamagnetic and paramagnetic effects of the wiggler‐induced self‐magnetic field cause gain decrement and enhancement for different electron orbits, while these diamagnetic and paramagnetic effects increase with increasing beam density. The results are compared with findings of planar magnetostatic wiggler FELs.     

Optimal economic load dispatch based on wind energy and risk constrains through an intelligent algorithm

This article focus on optimal economic load dispatch based on an intelligent method of shark smell optimization (SSO). In this problem, the risk constrains has been considered which has root in uncertainity and unpredictable behavior of wind power. Regarding to increasing of this clean energy in power systems and un‐dispatchable behavior of wind power, its conditional value at risk index considered in this article which consists of loss from load and "spilling" wind energy connected with unpredictable imbalances among generation and load. This problem has been considered as an optimization problem based on SSO that evaluate the balance between cost and risk. This algorithm is based on distinct shark smell abilities for localizing the prey. In sharks' movement, the concentration of the odor is an important factor to guide the shark to the prey. In other words, the shark moves in the way with higher odor concentration. This characteristic is used in the proposed SSO algorithm to find the solution of an optimization problem. Effectiveness of the proposed method has been applied over 30‐bus power system in comparison with other techniques. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 494–506, 2016