The kinetics study of the reduction of Fast Green dye with cetylpyridinum chloride as cationic surfactant

The kinetics of the reaction of Fast Green dye (FG) with cetylpyridinum chloride was studied in alkaline medium by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Reduction of Fast Green dye was carried out by varying the fast green dye concentration, cetylpyridinum chloride concentration and concentration of sodium hydroxide. In the present study the reduction of dye was carried out in order to reduce the color content. The interaction of dye was carried out with reducing analyte (cetylpyridinum chloride). The rate of the reaction was determined by varying the above parameters at different temperatures. It was observed that the reduction followed pseudo first-order kinetics with respect to dye, surfactant, OH⁻ ion concentration according to the following reaction pathway. The mechanism for the photo bleaching of the dye has been proposed and well confirmed by the data simulation procedure. The activation parameters of the reaction like entropy of activation (ΔS) and free energy of activation (ΔG) showed the extremely solvated states of transient complex which was less disorderly arranged than the oxidized form of dye, whereas E _a values reflects a high amount of energy required for the reduction of dye with cetylpyridinum chloride.     

Effect of foreign ions for the determination of metal ion in the presence of surfactants

Aluminum is the third most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust. Despite its ubiquitous nature it is present in small amount in living organisms. Aluminum toxicity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of renal distinct clinical syndromes, including progressive and fatal encephalopathy and bone diseases. In the present study, Al was selected for the analysis by complexometric method. This method was based on the formation of a red colored ternary complex by the reaction of Aluminum with Aluminon (Aurin tricarboxylic acid triammonium salt) in the presence of micellar medium. The ternary complex of Aluminum with the surfactant Triton X-100 shows a maximum absorbance at 530 nm wavelength at pH 4.0 while with the sodium dodecyl sulfate it shows a maximum absorbance at 525 nm and at pH 5.0. The reaction was proceeded by the variation in pH and concentrations of surfactants, aluminon, aluminum. Their effects on the reaction of aluminum with aluminon complex in micellar media were recorded by UV-visible spectrophotometer. The reaction was found to be extremely rapid at room temperature. The system obeys Lambert Beer’s law between 0.24 and 21.74 μg/mL concentrations with Triton X-100. The values of slope, intercept and correlation coefficients were 0.07, 0.348 and 0.989, respectively. The concentration varied between 0.24 and 24.14 μg/mL with sodium dodecyl sulfate and the values of slope, intercept and correlation coefficients were 0.029, 0.148 and 0.962, respectively. The foreign ion effect was also tested by keeping the constant concentration of metal ion and determining its concentration in the presence of different foreign ions. The method was also applied for the determination of Al(III) in pharmaceutical formulations and water samples, which showed an excellent resemblance between reported and obtained results.     

Synthesis and characterization of multimeric salicylaldimine thiosemicarbazones and their Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes

A series of di- and trithiosemicarbazone ligands as well as their Pd(II) and Pt(II) 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) complexes have been synthesised using templated reactions between various substituted salicylaldimine thiosemicarbazone ligands and metal precursors of the general formula cis-[M(PTA)₂Cl₂], where M = Pd or Pt. Characterization of these complexes was achieved using various analytical and spectroscopic techniques: elemental analysis, ESI-MS, FT-IR, and NMR (¹H, ¹³C{¹H} and ³¹P{¹H}) spectroscopy. The data revealed tridentate (O-N-S) coordination of the thiosemicarbazone moieties via the imine nitrogen, thiolato sulfur and phenolic oxygen to each metal center. In vitro biological evaluation of selected compounds was conducted against WHCO1 oesophageal cancer cells. Some of the multimeric compounds display some promising biological activity.     

Synthesis of solid solutions of Mn and Bi substituted V2O5 and substitutional effect in structural and optoelectronic behavior

V₂O₅ is an attractive material with enormous technological applications such as cathode material in lithium batteries and electrochromic displays. Mn and Bi substitution in vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) was done by conventional solid state reaction technique with different composition. The chemical composition, structural and optical properties were investigated employing different techniques, such as XRD, SEM and UV-Vis Spectra. XRD studies exhibit the predominant (0 0 1) peak of orthorhombic phase. SEM image shows the uniformity of the material synthesized. Variable transmittance is exhibited by samples doped with different percentages of dopants. The dielectric property studies and ac conductivity measurements were carried out by Hioki LCR Hi-Tester.     

A New Variant of Wilson’s Functional Equation on Monoids

Acta Mathematica Sinica, English Series - We find on a monoid M the complex-valued solutions f, g : M → ? such that f is central and g is continuous of the functional equation $$f\left(...