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1.
The dielectric constant, ε, and the d.c. conductivity, σ, were measured along the a-, b- and c-axes of (NH4)2ZnCl4 (AZC) crystal in the 300-450 K temperature range. Crystals of AZC grown from aqueous solutions containing excess of ZnCl2 were used. The value of the dielectric permittivity of AZC is extremely small compared to other ferroelectric crystals. Pronounced broad or step-like peaks at the phase transition temperatures were detected along the a- and b-axes, while ε along the c-axis is temperature independent up to the end of the measuring range. Reciprocal of the dielectric permittivity in the range of the commensurate to incommensurate phase transition obeys a relation similar to the Curie-Weiss law that is valid for second order ferroelectric/paraelectric phase transitions. The constants of the proposed relationship applied to the cooling run are given. The J-E characteristics along the three crystallographic axes were measured in the normal, incommensurate, commensurate and antiferroelectric phases. Hence, the type of conduction mechanism has been estimated. Parameters of Poole-Frenkel and Richardson-Schottky types of conduction mechanism have been determined. The effect of applied electric field on the conductivity measurement was also tested. Conductivity anomalies with different character were observed at the phase transition temperatures. The lnσ−1000/T dependence revealed thermal activation energy of conduction along the a-, b- and c-axes with different values in different phases of AZC. 相似文献
2.
Mat Rasol Awang Hassan Hamdani Mutaat Mohd. Shukri Mahmud Wan Badrin Wan Husain Tajuddin Osman Khomsaton Abu Bakar Asmahwati Kassim Zal U''yun Wan Mahmud Ishak ManafTamikazu Kume Shoji Hashimoto 《Radiation Physics and Chemistry》1993,42(4-6):611-616
In solid state fermentation, Pleurotus sajor-caju has been found to be able to degrade at least 30% oil palm empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) fibre leaving 70 % useful materials. Conditions under which fermentation carried out were investigated. It was found that, in the temperature range between 25– 28 °C, relative ph between 6–8, moisture between 60–70 % and medium composition of CaCO3: rice bran 2 %: 5 % were the optimum conditions. The results showed in fermented products that, there were substantial reduction in cellulosic component such as Crude Fiber (CF, 18 %); Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF, 45 %), Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF, 61 %) and Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL, 14 %). However, Crude Protein (CP, 10%) increased resulted from single cell protein enrichment of mycelial microbial mass. The mass reductions of substrate in fermentation process corresponds to the CO2 released during fermentation. Hence, attributable to the decreased in content of CF, ADF, NDF, and ADL. The digestibility study has also been carried out to determine the useful level of this product to ruminant. Aflatoxin content was detected low in both the initial substrates and products. Based on nutritional value and low content of aflatoxin, the product is useful as a source of roughage to ruminant. 相似文献
3.
Sk. Asrof Ali Yunusa Umar B. F. Abu‐Sharkh Hasan A. Al‐Muallem 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(19):5480-5494
The cycloterpolymerizations of single‐, twin‐, and triple‐tailed hydrophobes with hydrophilic monomer N,N‐diallyl‐N‐carboethoxymethylammonium chloride and sulfur dioxide afforded a series of cationic polyelectrolytes (CPEs) in excellent yields. These CPEs, upon the acidic hydrolysis of the pendent ester groups, gave the corresponding pH‐responsive cationic acid salts, which, upon a treatment with sodium hydroxide, were converted to polybetaines (PBs), anionic polyelectrolytes (APEs), and PB/APE polymers containing various proportions of zwitterionic (PB) and anionic fractions (APE) in the polymer chain. At a shear rate of 0.36 s−1 at 30 °C, salt‐free water solutions of the CPEs (2 g/dL) containing 8, 4, and 2.67 mol % of the single‐, twin‐, and triple‐tailed hydrophobes (all having 8 mol % octyloxy tails) had apparent viscosity values of 70, 2800, and 396,000 cps, respectively. The PB/APE polymer with a ratio of 33:67 for the zwitterionic and anionic fractions in the polymer chain gave the highest viscosity value. The superior viscosity behavior of the polymers containing the triple‐tailed hydrophobe was attributed to the blocky nature of the comonomer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5480–5494, 2006 相似文献
4.
M.I. Bruce O.M.Abu Salah R.E. Davis N.V. Raghavan 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》1973,64(3):C48-C50
In contrast to a related iron—copper compound, the complex (π-C5H5)Ru(PPh3)2(C2Ph)CuCl is shown to be monomeric, and contains linear dicoordinate copper(I); the reactions of this and similar complexes with metal carbonyls are sources of new mixed-metal clusters, such as (π-C5H5)Fe2 Ru(C2Ph)(CO)6 (PPh3). 相似文献
5.
Spectrophotometric studies of the reaction between vanadium(V) ions and phenylfluorone are presented and used for spectrophotometric determination of vanadium(V). The absorbance at 520 nm obeys Beer's law in the range of 2–15 μg vanadium/10 ml at pH 4. The relative standard deviation is 2% and the molar absorptivity based on vanadium is 2.1 × 104 liters/mol cm. The composition of the complex in solution is of the 1:1 type with stability constant values to 2.5 × 104. Analysis of the solid complex shows that its formula agrees with the formula (C19 H11 O5)VO2 · 5H2O. 相似文献
6.
Bassam Abu Thaher Jalal A. Zahra Mustafa M. El-Abadelah Hans-Hartwig Otto 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2004,40(9):435-439
Nitrilimines were prepared from N-arylhydrazono chlorides and reacted with -alanine yielding the corresponding amidrazones, which were treated with 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole in THF affording the hitherto unknown 3-acetyl-1-aryl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazepin-7-ones. 相似文献
7.
The polarographic behaviour of salicylaldehyde-2-pyridylhydrazone (SAPH) has been studied in aqueous buffer solution containing 40% ethanol using DC and DP polarographic methods. In the pH range 1.8–7.5 the observed single irreversible reduction wave is assigned to the splitting of the N-N bond and reduction of C=N centre. In alkaline medium, a second wave appears at a more negative potential due to the reduction of the salicylaldehyde which is formed by hydrolytic decomposition of the SAPH molecule. The effect of pH on the limiting current andE
1/2 as well as the reduction mechanism are discussed and compared with similar compounds. The kinetic parameters of the electrode reaction have been calculated.The analytical properties of the copper(II)-SAPH system is described. The complex gave rise to a single irreversible well-defined wave (E
1/2=–0.58 V at pH=5.2). The reaction process is diffusion controlled. A method is suggested for the determination of Cu(II) in presence of different metal ions as the difference in theirE
1/2 values is sufficient for the purpose.This work is taken partly from the M. Sc. Thesis of Jamal S. Shalabi 相似文献
8.
G. Schwedt Abu Baker Tawali Kerstin Koch 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》1998,360(5):589-594
After the application of simulated digestive fluids (gastric and intestinale fluid) as extraction solutions, AAS and differential pulse anodic-stripping voltammetry (DPASV) were used as analytical methods in combination with ion-exchange procedures for the determination of zinc species and total zinc contents. The ion exchange procedure and the shifting of electrochemical potentials as well as changes of the calibration slope after standard addition in the polarographic analysis allowed discriminating statements with regard to a possible resorption of zinc. On the basis of these methods, a strategy is presented for in vitro investigations of the bioavailability of zinc in foodstuffs. 相似文献
9.
Kayed A. Abu Safieh Ahmad M. Abu Mahthieh Mustafa M. El-Abadelah Mikdad T. Ayoub Wolfgang Voelter 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2007,138(2):157-160
Summary. A novel method for the synthesis of a new series of 5-substituted 1,3-dimethyl pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazines is described. The new synthetic strategy is based on the classical Bischler 1,2,4-benzotriazine synthesis. This approach involves the preparation of 5-hydrazinopyrazole from 5-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-4-nitropyrazole
followed by acylation and nitro group reduction to form the corresponding 4-amino-3-(acylhydrazino)pyrazoles. Intramolecular
oxidative cyclization of the latter derivatives, using polyphosphoric acid, produced the respective target pyrazolotriazines. 相似文献
10.
Kayed A. Abu Safieh Ahmad M. Abu Mahthieh Mustafa M. El-Abadelah Mikdad T. Ayoub Wolfgang Voelter 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2007,21(9):157-160
A novel method for the synthesis of a new series of 5-substituted 1,3-dimethyl pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazines is described. The new synthetic strategy is based on the classical Bischler 1,2,4-benzotriazine synthesis. This approach involves the preparation of 5-hydrazinopyrazole from 5-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-4-nitropyrazole
followed by acylation and nitro group reduction to form the corresponding 4-amino-3-(acylhydrazino)pyrazoles. Intramolecular
oxidative cyclization of the latter derivatives, using polyphosphoric acid, produced the respective target pyrazolotriazines. 相似文献