全文获取类型
收费全文 | 440篇 |
免费 | 14篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 245篇 |
晶体学 | 3篇 |
力学 | 18篇 |
数学 | 120篇 |
物理学 | 69篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 13篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 2篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 18篇 |
2015年 | 21篇 |
2014年 | 19篇 |
2013年 | 31篇 |
2012年 | 39篇 |
2011年 | 34篇 |
2010年 | 25篇 |
2009年 | 18篇 |
2008年 | 22篇 |
2007年 | 18篇 |
2006年 | 13篇 |
2005年 | 13篇 |
2004年 | 9篇 |
2003年 | 11篇 |
2002年 | 7篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 2篇 |
1935年 | 1篇 |
1892年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有455条查询结果,搜索用时 13 毫秒
1.
2.
M.C. Ubaldi V. Stasi U. Colombo D. Piccinin M. Martinelli 《Photonics and Nanostructures》2007,5(2-3):145-148
Roughness reduction of a submicron waveguide profile in chemically amplified negative resist is here performed by proper selection of an alkali-based developer, taking into account that its smaller molecules lead to smoother resist surface by altering the developing mechanism of aggregate extraction performed with standard quaternary ammonium hydroxide. Roughness is then analyzed by means of classical Atomic Force Microscope inspection; furthermore, a non-invasive line edge roughness analysis approach based on top-down scanning electron microscope acquisition gives comparable results, in terms of standard deviation and molecular aggregate periodicity. 相似文献
3.
P. Colombo L. E. Kukacka J. Fontana R. N. Chapman M. Steinberg 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1966,4(1):29-57
The γ-radiation-induced free-radical copolymerization of ethylene and CO has been investigated over a wide range of pressure, initial gas composition, radiation intensity, and temperature. At 20°C., concentrations of CO up to 1% retard the polymerization of ethylene. Above this concentration the rate reaches a maximum between 27.5 and 39.2% CO and then decreases. The copolymer composition increases only from 40 to 50% CO when the gas mixture is varied from 5 to 90% CO. A relatively constant reactivity ratio is obtained at 20°C., indicating that CO adds 23.6 times as fast as an ethylene monomer to an ethylene free-radical chain end. For a 50% CO gas mixture, the above value of 23.6 and the copolymerization rate decrease with increasing temperature to 200°C. The kinetic data indicate a temperature-dependent depropagation reaction. Infrared examination of copolymers indicates a polyketone structure containing ? CH2? CH2? and ? CO? units. The crystalline melting point increases rapidly from 111 to 242°C., as the CO concentration in the copolymer increases from 27 to 50%. Molecular weight of copolymer formed at 20°C. increased with increasing CO, indicating M?n values >20,000. Increasing reaction temperature results in decreasing molecular weight. Onset of decomposition for a 50% CO copolymer was measured at ≈250°C. 相似文献
4.
The synthesis of two S-proline derivatives is described together with their use as chiral ligands for lithium in reactions of n-butyllithium with benzaldehyde to give 1-phenyl-1-pentanol with moderate optical purity. The presence of lithium salts in the reaction mixture causes a decrease in asymmetric induction. 相似文献
5.
6.
Quaglia M Carazzone C Sabella S Colombo R Giorgetti S Bellotti V De Lorenzi E 《Electrophoresis》2005,26(21):4055-4063
Beta2-microglobulin (beta2-m) is a small amyloidogenic protein normally present on the surface of most nucleated cells and responsible for dialysis-related amyloidosis, which represents a severe complication of long-term hemodialysis. A therapeutic approach for this amyloidosis could be based on the stabilization of beta2-m through the binding to a small molecule, and consequent inhibition of protein misfolding and amyloid fibril formation. A few compounds have been described to weakly bind beta2-m, including the drug suramin. The lack of a binding site for nonpolypeptidic ligands on the beta2-m structure makes it difficult for both the identification of functional groups responsible for the binding and the search of hits to be optimized. The characterization of the binding properties of suramin for beta2-m by using three different techniques (surface plasmon resonance, affinity CE (ACE), ultrafiltration) is here described and the results obtained are compared. The common features of the chemical structures of the compounds known to bind the protein led us to select 200 sulfonated/suramin-like molecules from a wider chemical library on the basis of similarity rules, so as to possibly single out some interesting hits and to gain more information on the functional groups involved in the binding. The development of screening methods to test the compounds by using ultrafiltration and ACE is described. 相似文献
7.
Maria I. Colombo Sebastián A. Testero Silvina C. Pellegrinet María L. Bohn Edmundo A. Rúveda 《The Chemical Educator》2001,6(6):350-352
A comprehensive laboratory experiment suitable for advanced undergraduate organic chemistry students has been designed. The experiment is based on the dienone-phenol rearrangement reaction of the sesquiterpene santonin to give -desmotroposantonin acetate. It challenges students to solve an earlier controversial stereochemical problem. The students carry out the reaction and analyze spectroscopic data to determine the stereochemistry of the starting material and the product. In addition, they perform simple molecular modeling calculations, which enable them to rationalize the stereochemical outcome of the transformation and discuss the mechanism of the dienone-phenol rearrangement and related rearrangements reported in the literature. 相似文献
8.
Enduracidin and ramoplanin belong to the large family of cyclodepsipeptide antibiotics, highly effective against Gram-positive bacteria. The primary and 3D solution structure of ramoplanin is already well known, and the primary structure of enduracidin has been determined by a combination of chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. Both antibiotics share a similar peptide core of 17 amino acids and differ mainly in the length of the acyl chain and the presence of two D-mannose moieties in ramoplanin. Based on the high sequence homology with ramoplanin, the structure in solution of enduracidin is modeled as a cyclic peptide. The tertiary structure thus obtained was refined through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, in which the interatomic NOE-derived distance restraints were imposed. MD simulations yielded a family of representative 3D structures (RMSD = 0.89), which highlighted a backbone geometry similar to that of ramoplanin in its beta-hairpin arrangement. In contrast, enduracidin displays a different arrangement of the side-chain and of the residues forming the hydrophobic core. 相似文献
9.
The title compounds, new chirally masked α,β unsaturated aldehydes, undergo diastereoselective dihydroxylation reactions with 45–60% diastereisomeric excesses; chromatographic purification of the major diols, di-O-protection and auxiliary removal afford optically pure α,β dialkoxy aldehydes. 相似文献
10.
Ceramic Foams from a Preceramic Polymer and Polyurethanes: Preparation and Morphological Investigations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Colombo Paolo Griffoni Martina Modesti Michele 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1998,13(1-3):195-199
Open-cell ceramic foams were obtained from a preceramic polymer (silicone resin) and blown polyurethanes. The preceramic polymer, which is crosslinked by condensation of silanol groups, was dissolved in CH2Cl2 and added to a liquid polyol containing the surfactant and the amine catalyst. Isocyanate was then added to the mixture and the foam was obtained through a twofold blowing mechanism (physical and chemical blowing). The morphology of the expanded polyurethane, which can be flexible or semirigid, characterized the final structure of the ceramic foam. The materials obtained were pyrolyzed in a nitrogen flux at temperatures of 1000–1200°C, thus allowing for the polymer-to-ceramic transformation to occur in the preceramic polymer. The ceramic foams produced in this way consisted of an amorphous silicon oxycarbide ceramic (SiOC). They presented a density ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 g/cm3. The average pore diameter ranged from 200 to 400 m and they possessed 80 to 90% open porosity. 相似文献