Gaussian Polynomials and Content Ideal in Pullbacks

This article deals mainly with rings (with zerodivisors) in which regular Gaussian polynomials have locally principal contents. Precisely, we show that if (T,M) is a local ring which is not a field, D is a subring of T/M such that qf(D) = T/M, h: T → T/M is the canonical surjection and R = h ^?1(D), then if T satisfies the property “every regular Gaussian polynomial has locally principal content,” then also R verifies the same property. We also show that if D is a Prüfer domain and T satisfies the property “every Gaussian polynomial has locally principal content”, then R satisfies the same property. The article includes a brief discussion of the scopes and limits of our result.     

Adenine and RNA in mineral samples. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for picomole detections

Studies on the interactions of biological macromolecules with mineral surfaces are crucial for the detecting biomarkers. But before this can be done for real samples like rocks or sediments, rational methods based on mineral models plus known amounts of nucleic acids must be developed. The methods must be very sensitive, as the amount of bound macromolecule may be very small. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is perfect for detecting picomolar amounts of nucleic acid materials. In this study, the models used were adenine and GAAA hairpin for nucleic acids materials and a clay (montmorillonite) plus colloidal silver (used for SERS detection) for mineral supports. We have shown that OH(-) anions compete with adenine and the adenyl residues in the GAAA loop for adsorption onto nano-sized silver particles in basic medium. The GAAA adenyl moieties are less well adsorbed onto either clay or silver than is adenine. Also, the transfer of either adenine or the RNA hairpin from the clay to the silver aggregates is pH-dependent. Contact between adenine and the montmorillonite also seems to disperse adenine aggregates. The clay could also increase the flexibility of the RNA hairpin so that it is released from the clay at pH 10, and the affinity of its adenyl moieties for the metallic substrate is enhanced.     

Prüfer-Like Conditions in Subring Retracts and Applications

In this article, we consider five possible extensions of the Prüfer domain notion to the case of commutative rings with zero divisors. We investigate the transfer of these Prüfer-like properties between a commutative ring and its subring retract. Our results generate new families of examples of rings subject to a given Prüfer-like conditions.     

The micro-distribution of carbonaceous matter in the Murchison meteorite as investigated by Raman imaging

The carbonaceous Murchison chondrite is one of the most studied meteorites. It is considered to be an astrobiology standard for detection of extraterrestrial organic matter. Considerable work has been done to resolve the elemental composition of this meteorite. Raman spectroscopy is a very suitable technique for non-destructive rapid in situ analyses to establish the spatial distribution of carbonaceous matter. This report demonstrates that Raman cartography at a resolution of 1 microm2 can be performed. Two-dimensional distribution of graphitised carbon, amorphous carbonaceous matter and minerals were obtained on 100 microm2 maps. Maps of the surface of native stones and of a powdered sample are compared. Graphitic and amorphous carbonaceous domains are found to be highly overlapping in all tested areas at the surface of the meteorite and in its interior as well. Pyroxene, olivine and iron oxide grains are embedded into this mixed carbonaceous material. The results show that every mineral grain with a size of less than a few microm2 is encased in a thin carbonaceous matrix, which accounts for only 2.5 wt.%. This interstitial matter sticks together isolated mineral crystallites or concretions, including only very few individualized graphitised grains. Grinding separates the mineral particles but most of them retain their carbonaceous coating. This Raman study complements recent findings deduced from other spatial analyses performed by microprobe laser-desorption laser-ionisation mass spectrometry (microL2MS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM).     

Extension of semiclean rings

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal - This paper aims at the study of the notions of periodic, UU and semiclean properties in various context of commutative rings such as trivial ring extensions,...     

Armendariz and SFT Properties in Subring Retracts

In this work, we investigate the transfer of Armendariz and SFT properties between a commutative ring and its subring retract. The article includes a brief discussion of the scope and precision of our results.