Novel interconnection scheme for thin‐film silicon solar modules with conductive intermediate reflector

Intermediate reflector layers are commonly used for light man‐agement purposes in multi‐junction silicon based devices containing a‐Si:H top‐ and µc‐Si:H bottom‐sub‐cells. A low resistance of such layers can have a severe impact on the solar module performance due to shunting of the bottom sub‐cell by the P2 scribe. A common solution for this problem is the use of an additional scribe line. However, not only the additional processing step is disadvantageous but also the dead area losses are increased as well by the additional scribe. This work introduces a novel solar cell stripe interconnection scheme that requires only three scribing processes with similar dead area losses as they would be apparent in the standard interconnection scheme. An implementation to mini modules shows no negative impact on the electrical properties and simultaneously reducing the required number of scribing steps. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Musa sp. Leaves Extract Ameliorates the Hepato-Renal Toxicities Induced by Cadmium in Mice

Heavy metals intoxication causes several health problems that necessitate finding new protective and therapeutic approaches. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Musa sp. leaves extract (MLE) on hepato-renal toxicities induced by cadmium (Cd) in male mice. The phytochemical screening, metal chelating activity (MCA), and the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of MLE were determined. Fifty CD-1 male mice were used and intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with MLE (1000 to 5000 mg/kg b.wt) for MLE LD₅₀ determination. Another 50 mice were used for evaluating the effect of MLE on Cd toxicity. Blood samples were collected for hematological, liver, and kidney functions assessments. Liver tissue homogenates were used for determination of oxidant/antioxidant parameters. Liver and kidney tissues were harvested for histopathological and molecular investigations. MLE showed potent in vitro antioxidant activities. The MCA and LD₅₀ of the MLE were 75 µg/mL and 3000 mg/kg b.wt, respectively. MLE showed beneficial therapeutic activity against hepato-renal toxicities in Cd-intoxicated mice, evidenced by improving the hematological, biochemical, histopathological, and molecular alterations.     

Existence of undercompressive weak solutions to the Euler equations

We prove the local existence of an undercompressive hydrodynamical shock to the isothermal Euler equations with a non-monotone pressure function. This nonlinear problem will be formulated as an abstract hyperbolic initial boundary value problem. The existence of a weak solution to a linearized version of the problem is shown with the use of Riesz theorem. Using the results of the linear system yields by an iteration scheme (local in time) well-posedness of the nonlinear problem. The system of equations is obtained by modeling the motion of sharp liquid-vapor interfaces including configurational forces as well as surface tension. The considered non-viscous Van der Waals fluid is compressible and allows phase transitions. The propagating phase boundary is controlled by a modified version of the Rankine-Hugoniot jump condition obtained by the Young-Laplace law. Entropy dissipation at the interface is precisely described by a kinetic relation. (© 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Beiträge zur Papierchromatographie organischer Substanzen

Zusammenfassung Alkylhalogenide werden als Oniumsalze, tertiäre aliphatische, aromatische und heterocyclische Basen nach Umsetzung mit Methyljodid als Ammoniumsalze und Arylhalogenide als Nitroarylhalogenide papierchromatographisch identifiziert.     

Persistence of undercompressive phase boundaries for isothermal Euler equations including configurational forces and surface tension

The persistence of subsonic phase boundaries in a multidimensional Van der Waals fluid is analyzed. The phase boundary is considered as a sharp free boundary that connects liquid and vapor bulk phase dynamics given by the isothermal Euler equations. The evolution of the boundary is driven by effects of configurational forces as well as surface tension. To analyze this problem, the equations and trace conditions are linearized such that one obtains a general hyperbolic initial boundary value problem with higher‐order boundary conditions. A global existence theorem for the linearized system with constant coefficients is shown. The proof relies on the normal mode analysis and a linear form in suitable spaces that is defined using an associated adjoint problem. Especially, the associated adjoint problem satisfies the uniform backward in time Kreiss–Lopatinski? condition. A new energy‐like estimate that also includes surface energy terms leads finally to the uniqueness and regularity for the found solutions of the problem in weighted spaces. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spectrophotometric and atomic absorption determination of Ni(II) in fresh and sea waters after preconcentration by flotation

A highly selective and sensitive procedure for flotation separation followed by spectrophotometric determination, confirmed by AAS, of Ni(II) traces is proposed. The maximum flotation separation (100%) is achieved at 25° C in the pH range of 1–3 using sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (as a collector) and oleic acid surfactant. The floated (1 : 2) colored complex is measured spectrophotometrically at 430 nm over a concentration range of 0.5–4.0 g/g with a molar absorptivity of 0.44 × 10⁴ L mol^–1 cm^–1. The procedure was successfully applied for the separation and determination of Ni(II) in fresh and sea waters.     

Selective separation of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions by the precipitate flotation technique

Summary The flotation of Hg(II) ions as sulphide or iodide from aqueous solutions has been investigated, using oleic acid as surfactant. Selective separation from Cd ions has been achieved. There was no interference by Bi, Pb, Cu, Cd, Mn, Zn, Co or Ni.     

Beiträge zur Papierchromatographie organischer Substanzen. I

Zusammenfassung Die papierchromatographischen Methoden zur Analyse von Nitroverbindungen, Aldehyden und Ketonen wurden überprüft, Vereinfachungen und Verbesserungen vorgeschlagen.Aliphatische Halogenverbindung konnten erstmalig durch Überführen in Pyridiniumsalze papierchromatographisch getrennt und nachgewiesen werden.