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排序方式: 共有886条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Indermeet Kohli Taylor L. Braunberger Amanda F. Nahhas Fatima N. Mirza Mohsen Mokhtari Alexis B. Lyons Nikiforos Kollias Eduardo Ruvolo Henry W. Lim Iltefat H. Hamzavi 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2020,96(1):208-214
Human skin is exposed to visible light (VL; 400–700 nm) and long-wavelength ultraviolet A1 (UVA1) radiation (370–400 nm) after the application of organic broad-spectrum sunscreens. The biologic effects of these wavelengths have been demonstrated; however, a dose–response has not been investigated. Ten subjects with Fitzpatrick skin phototype IV-VI were enrolled. Subjects were irradiated with 2 light sources (80–480 J cm−2): one comprising VL with less than 0.5% UVA1 (VL+UVA1) and the other pure VL. Skin responses were evaluated for 2 weeks using clinical and spectroscopic assessments. 4-mm punch biopsies were obtained from nonirradiated skin and sites irradiated with 480 J cm−2 of VL+UVA1 and pure VL 24 h after irradiation. Clinical and spectroscopic assessments demonstrated a robust response at VL+UVA1 sites compared with pure VL. Histology findings demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the marker of inflammation (P < 0.05) and proliferation (P < 0.05) at the irradiated sites compared with nonirradiated control. Threshold doses of VL+UVA1 resulting in biologic responses were calculated. Results indicate that approximately 2 h of sun exposure, which equates to VL+UVA1 dose (~400 J cm−2), is capable of inducing inflammation, immediate erythema and delayed tanning. These findings reinforce the need of photoprotection beyond the UV range. 相似文献
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Daria E. Lonsdale Geoffrey Johnston‐Hall Amanda Fawcett Craig A. Bell Carl N. Urbani Michael R. Whittaker Michael J. Monteiro 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(16):3620-3625
In this work, we propose that retardation in vinyl acetate polymerization rate in the presence of toluene is due to degradative chain transfer. The transfer constant to toluene (Ctrs) determined using the Mayo method is equal to 3.8 × 10?3, which is remarkably similar to the value calculated from the rate data, assuming degradative chain transfer (2.7 × 10?3). Simulations, including chain‐length‐dependent termination, were carried out to compare our degradative chain transfer model with experimental results. The conversion–time profiles showed excellent agreement between experiment and simulation. Good agreement was found for the Mn data as a function of conversion. The experimental and simulation data strongly support the postulate that degradative chain transfer is the dominant kinetic mechanism. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3620–3625, 2007 相似文献
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Amanda J. Ziegler Craig C. McLauchlan Cyndi R. Sosnowski Albert W. Herlinger 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2007,63(2):o132-o134
The title compound (H2DTMSP[EBP]), C14H36O6P2Si2, was crystallized by the slow evaporation of a solution in a 20:1 mixture of pentane and acetone. The H2DTMSP[EBP] molecule lies about an inversion center. In the solid state, the molecule exists in an anti configuration, with the molecular backbone C—C bond located on an inversion center. The compound exists in the solid state as hydrogen‐bonded infinite sheets in the ab plane, unlike the methylene analogue, which exists as hydrogen‐bonded infinite chains, demonstrating an `even–odd' effect of the length of the backbone alkyl chain. 相似文献
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Haes AJ Zhao J Zou S Own CS Marks LD Schatz GC Van Duyne RP 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2005,109(22):11158-11162
A novel method to produce solution-phase triangular silver nanoparticles is presented. Ag nanoparticles are prepared by nanosphere lithography and are subsequently released into solution. The resulting nanoparticles are asymmetrically functionalized to produce either single isolated nanoparticles or dimer pairs. The structural and optical properties of Ag nanoparticles have been characterized. Mie theory and the Discrete Dipole Approximation method (DDA) have been used to model and interpret the optical properties of the released Ag nanoparticles. 相似文献
8.
Stølen S Mohn CE Ravindran P Allan NL 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2005,109(25):12362-12365
We discuss the importance of the topography of the potential energy hypersurface for the ionic conductivity of perovskite-related A(2)B(2)O(5) oxides. A correlation between the energetic preference of the cations for different coordination geometries and the ionic conductivity is proposed based on a first principles periodic density functional theory study of selected possible structures for Ba(2)In(2)O(5), Sr(2)Fe(2)O(5), Sr(2)Mn(2)O(5), and La(2)Ni(2)O(5). There are a large number of low-energy local minima on the potential energy hypersurfaces of the two first compounds due to an energetic preference for BO(4) tetrahedra. Tetrahedral environments are energetically unfavorable for Mn(III) in Sr(2)Mn(2)O(5) and for Ni(II) in La(2)Ni(2)O(5), and the number of low-energy configurations is relatively low in these two cases. Consistent with our findings, in contrast to Sr(2)Fe(2)O(5) and Ba(2)In(2)O(5), Sr(2)Mn(2)O(5) and La(2)Ni(2)O(5) do not exhibit transitions to disordered phases on heating, and there appear to be no reports of enhanced ionic conductivity for these compounds. Thus we suggest that the possibility of many different oxygen orderings associated with a variety of low-energy connectivity schemes within tetrahedral layers such as in the brownmillerite-based structures of Sr(2)Fe(2)O(5) and Ba(2)In(2)O(5) is a prerequisite for high ionic conductivity in perovskite-related A(2)B(2)O(5) oxides. 相似文献
9.
P. J. G. Cornelissen G. M. J. Beijersbergen † van Henegouwen† G. R. Mohn † 《Photochemistry and photobiology》1980,32(5):653-659
The photobiological activity of chlordiazepoxide, an active ingredient of the drug Librium, which is known to induce phototoxic effects, and two of its metabolites, desmethylchlordiazepoxide and demoxepam, was investigated. Upon irradiation of these biologically active compounds with longwave UV light, the main decomposition product formed is an oxaziridine. Using a strain of Salmonella typhimurium as a test organism for cytotoxicity, it could be demonstrated that not only the drug itself, but also the major mammalian metabolites are phototoxic and, furthermore, that the respective oxaziridines are responsible for the toxic effects found upon irradiation. A close relationship appears to exist between the phototoxicity of the nitrones and the toxicity in the dark of their respective oxaziridines. Investigations of the photobiological activity of a few closely structurally related benzodiazepines could establish that a 4-oxide moiety in the benzodiazepine nucleus is the structural characteristic responsible for the appearance of phototoxicity; in those compounds which contain a 4-oxide in the benzodiazepine nucleus, photo-decomposition to a toxic oxaziridine is observed, while the analogues lacking the 4-oxide moiety do not show this characteristic and, therefore, no phototoxic effects can be observed. Finally, mutagenicity tests performed with the same bacterial indicator as used for phototoxic studies, and including chlorpromazine as a positive reference compound, indicate that under the present experimental conditions photoproducts formed upon irradiation of chlordiazepoxide and its metabolites with longwave UV light do not exert a mutagenic effect. 相似文献
10.
E. M. Araújo Renata Barbosa Amanda D. Oliveira Crislene R. S. Morais T. J. A. deMélo A. G. Souza 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2007,87(3):811-814
Polyethylene/montmorillonite clay nanocomposites were obtained via direct
melt intercalation. The clay was organically modified with four different
types of quaternary ammonium salts. The objective of this work is to study
the use of montmorillonite clay in the production of nanocomposites by means
on rheological, mechanical and crystallization properties of nanocomposites
and to compare to the properties of the matrix and PE/unmodified clay nanocomposites.
In general, the tensile test showed that the yield strength and modulus of
the nanocomposites are close to the pure PE. Apparently, the mixture with
Dodigen salt seems to be more stable than the pure PE and PE/unmodified clay. 相似文献