以高锰酸钾为引发剂的丙烯腈与木质纤维素接枝共聚的研究

本文以未漂的马尾松磨木浆粕作为木质纤维素原料,研究了以高锰酸钾为引发剂引发羟丙基马尾松磨木浆粕与丙烯腈接枝共聚的基本反应规律,讨论了各种反应参数对接枝共聚反应的影响。探讨了原料中的木质素在高锰酸钾引发体系中的影响和作用机理,初步得出在该引发体系中木质素对接枝共聚反应的影响,主要是由于木质素结构中的酚型结构单元和结构单元侧链上的羟基(可能主要是较活泼的α-羟基)所造成,可通过适当的醚化反应或氧化作用来消除。接枝共聚物的 X-射线衍射分析发现,当接枝增量超过98%以后,纤维素的结晶衍射峰已基本消失,究其原因可能是马尾松磨木浆粕经羟丙基醚化后,接枝共聚反应可以渗透到晶区内部,随接枝增量的提高,具有一定的消晶作用。     

反应条件对Mo2C/Al2O3催化的POM制合成气的影响

考察了反应温度、气体空速和进料中CH4：O2比值对Mo2C／Al2O3催化的POM反应制合成气的影响．结果发现较高的温度具有较高的甲烷转化率、CO和H2的选择性；而在较低的温度下，对CO的选择性比对H2的影响更大．反应气体的空速较小时对于甲烷的转化率、CO和H2的选择性是有利的；而在较高的气体空速下，氢气的选择性则更低．进料中CH4：O2比值稍高于2：1时有利于获得高的甲烷转化率、CO和H2的选择性．并且还可以增加催化剂的稳定性．当CH4：O2比值低于2：1时．甲烷转化率、CO和H2选择性随反应的进行急剧下降．而当此比值调整到高于2：1时．转化率和选择件都可以得到恢复。     

风化淋积型稀土矿稀土赋存状态及配分研究

本文系统地研究了我国风化淋积型稀土矿中稀土赋存状态及配分变化规律。结果表明，风化壳淋积型稀土矿中稀土的赋存有水溶相，离子相，胶态相和矿物相。以离子相为主，占稀土总量的80％，胶态相和矿物相较少只20％。4种相态中的稀土配分存在差异，稀土配分均以中重稀土为主，大约占稀土总量的60％以上，其中离子相稀土配分的中重稀土含量最高。     

甘蔗渣乙醇法制浆——添加剂对脱木素作用的影响

研究了甘蔗渣乙醇法制浆及添加剂对这一制浆过程脱木素作用的影响。结果表明,不加添加剂的乙醇制浆脱木素极不充分,添加酸性添加剂反而使脱木素的效果变劣,添加碱性添加剂则可以大大促进乙醇溶剂的脱木素作用。讨论了酸性和碱性添加剂脱木素作用的两种绝然不同影响的原因,主要是脱木素的缩聚问题所造成。碱性添加剂能有效地抑制蒸煮过程中木素的缩聚反应,从而能使木素得到有效的脱除。碱性添加剂的加入量以控制介质蒸煮终了时的pH值在7—10的范围为宜,最好控制在pH=9—10,此时成浆的硬度可以降到卡伯值17—20范围,粗浆得率为54—57％。     

几种粘胶纤维的结构与性能关系

本文主要应用X射线衍射法表征六种粘胶纤维的微细结构参数:结晶度(C_r),取向度(π)和侧序因子(I_o)等。应用数理统计方法找出影响纤维物理及机械性能的主要因素,并得出下列统计意义相当高的回归方程: 勾强=2.00-0.07×I_o(克/袋) 吸湿率=11.10+0.16×1/((C_r×π)~(0.5)×I_o)×100％     

钴的二苯甲酰甲烷配合物：晶体结构及其轴向置换反应

Cobalt(Ⅱ) can form complexes with Hdbm in different environments. Hdbm reacted with cobalt nitrate to give complex 1 [Co(dbm)₂·2H₂O]. When complex 1 reacted with pyridine， α-stilbazole or 4，4′-bipyridine respectively， complex 2 [Co(DBM)₂Py₂] (Py=pyridine)， 3 [Co(DBM)₂Sbz₂] (Sbz=α-stilbazole) or 4 [Co(DBM)₂BPy]_n was obtained in turn through metathetical reaction. The coordination modes are octahedral polyhedrons. In the crystal structures， the two dbms take the plane position and two other donor molecules take the axial position. CCDC： 196070 for complex 2; 186859 for complex 3.     

K/Ru(10ī0)表面上的CO-4a1轨道对称性确定

用同步辐射角分辨偏振紫外光电子谱对Ｋ／Ｒｕ（１０１０）面上吸附分子轨道的对称性测量发现：结合能在１１、．２ｅＶ的ＣＯ－４ａ１（４σ）分子轨道对ｓ偏振光（在沿〈１２１０〉的人射面）是禁戒的。结果表明由于Ｋ的强烈影响,ＣＯ的分子轨道重新排列（ｓＰ＾２杂化）。依据选择定则和分子轨道的对称性６说明,ｓｐ＾２再杂化的ＣＯ分子吸附的桥位取向是〈１２１０〉晶向。     

Noether symmetry and conserved quantity for a Hamilton system with time delay

In this paper, the Noether symmetries and the conserved quantities for a Hamilton system with time delay are discussed. Firstly, the variational principles with time delay for the Hamilton system are given, and the Hamilton canonical equations with time delay are established. Secondly, according to the invariance of the function under the infinitesimal transformations of the group, the basic formulas for the variational of the Hamilton action with time delay are discussed,the definitions and the criteria of the Noether symmetric transformations and quasi-symmetric transformations with time delay are obtained, and the relationship between the Noether symmetry and the conserved quantity with time delay is studied. In addition, examples are given to illustrate the application of the results.     

Ablation enhancement by defocused irradiation assisted femtosecond laser fabrication of stainless alloy

We evaluate the effects of the holes geometry drilled by a femtosecond laser on a stainless alloy with various defocused irradiation time, which ranges from 0 min to 1 h. The laser ablation efficiency is increased by a factor of3 when the irradiation time is elevated from 0 to 30 min. Also, the morphology of the hole is observed by a scanning electron microscope, where the result indicates that the defocused irradiation time has a significant influence on the morphology changes. The reason for such changes is discussed based on the pretreatment effect and the confined plasma plume. As an application example, the microchannel is fabricated by a femtosecond laser combined with the defocused irradiation to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method in fabricating functional structures.     

纳米颗粒透明分散体及其高性能有机无机复合材料

纳米颗粒分散是无机纳米材料在有机体系中应用的关键.本文提出了采用纳米颗粒液相分散体制备高度分散纳米透明有机无机复合材料的新方法,发明了超重力反应-萃取相转移方法制备纳米颗粒液相透明分散体技术,介绍了其制备原理和实施效果,以及其在纳米复合节能膜、纳米润滑油脂和高固含量光学材料等有机无机纳米复合材料中的最新研究进展.