Neutron activation analysis of sources of raw material of Emperor Qin Shi Huang’s Terracotta warriors and horses

There have been selected 83 samples of terracotta warriors and horses of Emperor Qin Shi Huang's Mausoleum, 20 samples of clays taken from around Qin's Mausoleum and 2 samples of Yaozhou porcelain bodies. All these samples have been measured by instrument neutron activation analysis (INAA) and as many as 32 kinds of element contents of each sample are measured. The following conclusion has been reached when fuzzy cluster analysis is conducted to element contents of all these samples: (i) The samples are roughly classified into five categories: namely, samples from pits No. 1 and No. 2; samples from pit No. 3; loam layers; the mixture of loam and loess; and Yaozhou porcelain bodies. (ii) The terracottawarriors and horses in pits No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 are relatively independent from one another. The clays from which they were made are not entirely identical.We have found that samples in pit No. 3 are very closely related and their claysources are comparatively concentrated. Samples in pits No. 1 and No. 2 are less related and their clay sources are comparatively scattered. (iii) The clays from which the terracotta warriors and horses were made are closely related to theloam layer near Qin's Mausoleum, particularly to the loam layer of Zaoyuan village and Gaoxing village, but they are not so related to loess layers there, nor to the loam layers of Anhoubao, even less related to Yaozhou porcelain bodies. Arational deduction thus drawn is that the raw material of clays from which the terracotta warriors and horses were made might probably be taken from loam layers around Zaoyuan and Gaoxing, or loam layers near Qin's Mausoleum whose properties are identical with those of loam layers of Zaoyuan and Gaoxing, rather than loess layers around the above places. Since the raw material of the terracotta warriors and horses was taken from loam near Qin's Mausoleum, it could be deductedthat the kiln sites might be located in around Qin's Mausoleum.     

Source of raw material of the pottery warriors in Qinshihuang Mausoleum pits K0006 and K0007

The paper selects 15 samples of the pottery warriors in Qinshihuang Mausoleum Pit K0006, 21 samples of pottery warriors in Qinshihuang Mausoleum Pit K0007 and 75 samples of clay nearby Qinshihuang mausoleum. The contents of 23 elements were measured by neutron activation analysis (NAA), from which these data were got and analyzed by fuzzy cluster analysis so that the cluster analysis diagram is obtained. The results show that the soil ingredients of the pottery warriors of Pit K0006 and Pit K0007 were very similar to that of the area of Wuling site, Shanliu village, Shanren village and burial accompany Pit K9801, indicating that the pottery warriors in Pit K0006 and Pit K0007 are made of the local materials.     

秦始皇陵三号坑兵马俑的指纹元素散布分析

为研究秦始皇兵马俑三号坑原料产地,选取秦始皇三号坑的陶俑和陶马样品42个,秦始皇兵马俑博物馆附近粘土样品20个,用中子活化分析测量样品中32种微量元素的含量,从这32个元素中挑选出8种指纹元素的含量进行散布分析.结果表明三号坑兵马俑样品与秦始皇陵附近的垆土关系密切,与黄土关系稍远.由此推断,三号坑兵马俑的原料来源可能是骊山地区的粘土,烧制兵马俑的窑址也可能在秦始皇陵附近. Terracotta warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang s Mausoleum is famous in the world, but their original place of raw material is still a riddle up to now. 42 samples of pottery warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang s Mausoleum in pit No.3, 20 samples of clay nearby Museum of the terracotta warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang s Mausoleum are selected and prepared for analysis. The contents of 32 microelement are measured by neutron activation analysis (NAA), the eight elements are chosen as the...     

秦始皇陵兵马俑原料来源的中子活化分析

选取秦陵兵马俑样品83个, 秦陵附近的黏土样品20个, 耀州瓷胎样品2个. 将样品进行仪器中子活化分析(INAA), 测定每个样品的32种元素含量. 将所有样品的元素进行模糊聚类分析, 得到以下结果: (1) 所有样品大致可以分为5类: 1和2号坑样品类; 3号坑样品类; 垆土层类; 垆土和黄土混合类; 耀州瓷胎; (2) 1~3号坑的兵马俑样品各有相对的独立性, 它们所用黏土不完全相同. 3号坑兵马俑样品的关系极为密切, 黏土产地比较集中. 与3号坑相比, 1和2号坑兵马俑样品的关系不甚密切, 黏土产地比较分散; (3) 烧制兵马俑的黏土与秦陵附近的垆土层关系密切, 而与该处的黄土层关系较远, 与耀州瓷胎的关系甚远. 合理的推断是兵马俑的原料可能取自栆园、高邢一带垆土层, 或者取自秦陵附近的、与枣园、高邢垆土性状相同的其他地方的垆土层, 而不是这些地方的黄土层. 兵马俑的原料取自秦陵附近的某些垆土层, 由此推断烧制兵马俑的窑址可能也在秦陵附近.     

秦始皇陵二号坑兵马俑原料产地的中子活化分析

选取19个秦始皇陵二号坑兵马俑样品和20个秦陵附近粘土样品,进行中子活化分析(NAA),测定每个样品中32种元素的含量,并将NAA数据进行模糊聚类分析,得到动态聚类分析图.结果表明,二号坑兵马俑样品与秦陵附近粘土样品关系密切,二号坑兵马俑的原料产地及烧制窑址可能在秦陵附近.另外,还初步研究了秦陵封土、二号坑的夯土、回填土与秦陵附近粘土的关系. 32 trace element contents in each sample are measured by neutron activation analysis for the selected that 19 samples of terracotta warriors and horses from No.2 pit of Emperor Qin Shihuang s Mausoleum, 20 samples clay nearby Qin s Mausoleum and 2 samples of Yaozhou porcelain bodies. The trend cluster analysis diagram is obtained after sortting the data. The results show that the samples from the No.2 pit of Emperor Qin Shihuang s Mausoleum have a close relationship with the clay ..