裂尖超钝化:实验、理论与数值模拟

本文报道了在改性聚丙烯裂尖平面应变段发生超钝化的实验发现。利用环向冷拉模型,可说明裂尖超钝化的形成取决于冷拉传播速率与加载率之比。裂尖超钝化可使材料韧性,尤其是冲击韧性的改善,达到一个新的水平。本文在超弹性-粘塑性各向异性损伤的有限变形本构模型下进行了详尽的数值计算。模拟结果成功地再现了裂尖超钝化的基本特征。     

基于有限元概念的解析解

基于有限元概念,本文研究了结构响应对于设计变量的严格解析解,以空间桁架为例,得到了位移显式的解析表达式——一个关于截面设计变量的有理函数,并进行了严格的数学论证;进而推出了有益于结构敏度分析、结构优化的若干结论,针对含有位移显式的优化模型,提出了采用广义几何规划解法的建议;最后计算了若干简例.     

The analytical solutions based on the concept of finite element methods

On the basis of the concept of finite element methods, the rigorous analytical solutions of structural response in terms of the design variables are researched in this paper. The spatial trusses are taken as an example for the solution of the analytical expressions of the explicit displacements which are proved mathematically; then some conclusions are reached that are useful to structural sensitivity analysis and optimization. In the third part of the paper, a generalized geometric programming method is sugguested for the optimal model with the explicit displacement. Finally, the analytical solutions of the displacements of three trusses are given as examples.     

平面应变脆性损伤裂纹场分析

根据Ｂｕｉ的脆性损伤理论，本文研究Ｉ型拉伸裂纹的平面应变过程区及其力学场。计及裂尖材料的有限变形，细致的有限元分析给出了小范围屈服条件下两种典型的损伤区形貌。     

压力敏感材料中的空洞长大研究及其在页岩及高分子材料中的应用

主要研究压力敏感材料中含内压的空洞长大,如页岩或者高分子材料。采用数值方法研究含内压空洞的对称和非对称球形和柱形胞元的宏观力学行为。结果表明,压力敏感性及其空洞内压将极大影响空洞的形核与长大。在球形胞元情形中未出现柱形胞元的单轴拉伸现象。将胞元有限变形的数值计算结果与基于近期提出的考虑压力敏感材料中空洞长大的塑形力学模型的分析结果进行了对比。     

THE ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF FINITE ELEMENT METHODS

On the basis of the concept of finite element methods,the rigorous analytical solutionsof structural response in terms of the design variables are researched in this paper.Thespatial trusses are taken as an example for the solution of the analytical expressions of theexplicit displacements which are proved mathematically;then some conclusions arereached that are useful to structural sensitivity analysis and optimization.In the third partof the paper,a generalized geometric programming method is sugguested for the optimalmodel with the explicit displacement.Finally,the analytical solutions of the displacementsof three trusses are given as examples.     

几何规划原算法对含多变参数梁单元结构优化设计的统一处理

对于含空间梁单元的复杂结构,给出了同单参数模型不同统一处理途径:采用Duffin缩并公式形成截面多变参数与截面力学量的函数关系,运用分部与整体两级优化策略,并使用几何规划原算法的统一解法。数值算例表明本文方法的有效性。     

应变梯度塑性Ⅰ,Ⅱ型平面应力裂纹的有限元解

将塑性应变梯度理论应用于幂硬化材料的裂纹尖端场,得出在小范围屈服条件下平面应力Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型裂纹的数值解.与现有的渐近解比较发现,Chen等人的文中裂尖附近渐近解的有效范围是0.05l量级(l为材料特征长度),远离此有效范围,有限元计算出Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型问题的应力场都趋向于经典的HRR解.在塑性区内,有限元计算只得到了应力占优的结果.