Analytical investigation on 3D non-Boussinesq mountain wave drag for wind profiles with vertical variations

A new analytical model was developed to predict the gravity wave drag (GWD) induced by an isolated 3-dimensional mountain, over which a stratified, non-rotating non-Boussinesq sheared flow is impinged. The model is confined to small amplitude motion and assumes the ambient velocity varying slowly with height. The modified Taylor-Goldstein equation with variable coefficients is solved with a Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation, formally valid at high Richardson numbers. With this WKB solution, generic formulae of second order accuracy, for the GWD and surface pressure perturbation (both for hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic flow) are presented, enabling a rigorous treatment on the effects by vertical variations in wind profiles. In an ideal test to the circular bell-shaped mountain, it was found that when the wind is linearly sheared, that the GWD decreases as the Richardson number decreases. However, the GWD for a forward sheared wind (wind increases with height) decreases always faster than that for the backward sheared wind (wind deceases with height). This difference is evident whenever the model is hydrostatic or not.     

基流风速包含垂直变化时的三维无旋Non-Boussinesq流的地形重力波拖曳解

用WKB近似方法建立了表达三维地形重力波拖曳的解析Non-Boussinesq扰动模型,其中在大Richardson数条件下给出了(静力和非静力模型的)重力波拖曳及其地表扰动气压的二阶表达式.通过针对经典的理想化三维圆钟型山体的一个算例证明,当基流风速切变为线性时,重力波拖曳随着切变的增强而减弱;并且前向垂直切变(forward-shear,风速随高度增加)所对应的重力波拖曳比反向切变(backward-shear,风速随高度减小)所对应的重力波拖曳减弱得更快.这种现象与模型是否采用静力近似无关.